An enduring problem in electoral systems is that of "disproportionality," i.e., the mismatch between a party's percentage of the popular vote and its percentage of legislative seats. Such disproportionality is quite common and extreme cases are easy to find in the real word. To give just one example, the Liberal Party in Britain polled 13.8% of the national vote in 1979 but was rewarded with on...

in the early 19th century and as a result of war circumstances, iran and britain experienced the formation and development of limited political intercourses. emergence of napoleon, as a serious danger made britain to pay a special attention to iran. on the other side, iran welcomed the expansion of its ties with britain due to its military conflicts with russia. although britain was not interes...

The processes of cultural transformation in Britain in the second half of the 20th century, the fall of the Empire, immigration from former colonies and the expansion of the multiculturalism, have influenced new ways of looking at the conceptions of identity of diasporic subjects within Britain. Examining these experiences, diasporic novelists write about the second generation immigrants in con...

The Nazis were able to capitalize on this authoritarian conception, just as they were able to play on the differences between the more conventionally authoritarian and scientific supporters of racial hygiene and the radical anti-Semites and racists. Just as Weindling provides a more complex understanding of the German Sonderweg, so he demonstrates that the most extreme Nazi measures of forced s...

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

the processes of cultural transformation in britain in the second half of the 20th century, the fall of the empire, immigration from former colonies and the expansion of the multiculturalism, have influenced new ways of looking at the conceptions of identity of diasporic subjects within britain. examining these experiences, diasporic novelists write about the second generation immigrants in con...

prevalence of contagious diseases through foreign passengers and crews is one the serious problems in big ports. in the late qajar period, bushehr port became an important port because of military, political and economical reasons. in this time, some diseases such as plague and cholera prevailed in some iran’s neighbor countries like india and iraq and spread in bushehr by passengers and crews....

this study attempts to explore the development and evolution of mackinder's geopolitical thinking in global politics of british empire and its influence thereafter. this research paper examines the characteristics of geopolitical perspective of britain, through halford mackinder's heartland theory during the three periods of the early twentieth century to the present time. in this reg...

Nationalist sentiments characterize the Scotish James Macpherson’s Ossianic tales and the Persian Abul-Ghasim Ferdausi’s Shahnameh. Macpherson is remembered for his role in the nationalist Gaelic revival against the cultural dominance of Great Britain and Ferdausi is credited for enlivening Persian language and culture at the time of Arab dominance. However, Macpherson’s dual position, both as ...

The history of geophysics in Australia began with the first European explorers, who were concerned with the measurement of basic geophysical quantities, such as the Earth’s gravitational and magnetic fields (Day, 1966). By the first half of the twentieth century, Australia had been recognised as a possible happy-hunting ground for the new methods of exploration geophysics, as witness the accoun...