shiite scholars have always been concerned with the question of authenticity of hadiths of infallible-innocent personalities from the very beginning. text criticism and consideration of contextual criticism of hadiths is a significant component in this connection. evidence available indicates that text criticism of hadiths, whose consideration had been rooted in shi‘a imams’ directions, has had...

painting and art criticism are based on two different semiotic systems. the expression in painting is basically visual and in criticism is verbal. on the other hand, all expression is linguistic, that is expression and comprehension in all semiotic systems is basically linguistic. the art criticism, then, is situated between two poles: visual signs and verbal signs. it has as function to reorga...

asadi’s shahnameh is a great epic consisting of twenty-four thousand distiches and is attributed to asadi or another poet of the same nickname. this work was created in the same line of development as ferdowsi’s shahnameh. the main theme is the old campaign of soleymān to iran to confront with rostam and keykhosrow and to repeat the pattern of rostam’s battles with his children in a state of an...

abstract there are various narrative books on imam ali’s accounts about women. however, in some of these accounts, women character and identity are undermined and blamed. some of these accounts in nahjolbalgheh and elsewhere reflect women as intellectually deformed and incomplete, mean, unfaithful, and vulnerable to sins, etc. all these have led to multiple disagreements among scholars and comm...

This is a contribution primarily to the ongoing discussion of textual collation in COST Action A32 ("Open Scholarly Communities on the Web"). It discusses requirements for instruments of electronic collation both for purposes of textual criticism and for critically interpretative work with literary, philosophical, historical etc. texts, and teaching. The existing tools it refers to are the coll...