We present a comparative study of the growth of tensile-strained GaP on the four low-index surfaces of GaAs: (001), (110), (111)A, and (111)B. For each surface orientation we outline the growth conditions required for smooth GaAs homoepitaxy. We are able to predict the resulting surface morphology when GaP is deposited onto these four GaAs surfaces by considering the influence of surface orient...

Corn stalk, an agricultural waste, was valorized by the production of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), which were tested for improving recycled paper properties. CNF from eucalyptus kraft pulp (E-CNF) was used as a reference. Addition of 0.5% wt. CNF produced from corn organosolv pulp (C-CNF) to recycled paper increased the tensile index by 20%, whereas the same improvement with E-CNF was achieved a...

Strength additives play an important role in allowing the papermaking industry to achieve its objectives. In this study, a new kind of paper strengthening agent based on glucomannan was developed by treating it with sodium chloroacetate under alkaline conditions, and the effects on paper properties were evaluated. Results indicated that carboxymethylated glucomannan could significantly improve ...

Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibers, generally used to produce newspapers and carton materials, have poor inter- and intra-fiber bonding contributing to low strength properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) was applied as a co-additive of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), in the presence of sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as a catalyst, to esterify paper sheets based on TMP fibers. Fourier tra...

The effect of acetosolv pulping variables viz. pulping time, temperature, catalyst (HCl) and acetic acid on oil palm frond fibres was investigated. The following conditions were found to be optimum to pulp frond fibres: 140 oC, 0.5% HCl, 75% acetic acid, and 1/10 solid/liquor ratio. Under these conditions we could obtain these properties: Kappa number 13-16, zero-span tensile breaking length – ...

In order to determine the quantitative relationship between sheet strength and lignin coverage at the fiber surface, CTMP was blended with softwood bleached kraft pulp (BKP), refined softwood BKP, and hardwood BKP. The morphology of the fibers, fibers properties, fiber surface components and relative bonded area of sheets were investigated. Multi-linear regression equations of tensile strength ...

In Malaysia, there is no research done on the tensile strength of structural size timber. The tension stress found in the Malaysian code of practice, MS 544: Part 2: 2001, was not determined directly and it was taken as 60% of the bending strength values of small clear specimens. This paper presents the results of the tensile test on structural size timber specimens from selected Malaysian Trop...