Two types of applicators, an inductive applicator and capacitive electrodes, are used to compute the temperature elevation during the treatment of the shoulder, hip and spine in a numerical male model (NORMAN). The used thermal model is based on the Pennes Equation and has been extended by additional thermoregulatory mechanism. The blood flow and metabolic rate are elevated as a function of the...

Biological effects due to whole-body radio-frequency exposure may be induced by core temperature elevation. According to the international safety guidelines/standards for human protection, the whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (WBA-SAR) is used as a metric. In order to understand the relationship between WBA-SAR and core temperature elevation, a theoretical solution or a closed formu...

Little is known about the relationships between treeline elevation and climate at regional and local scales. It is compelling to fill this research gap with data from the Tibetan Plateau where some of the highest alpine treelines in the world are found. This research question partially results from the lack of in situ temperature data at treeline sites. Herein, treeline variables (e.g., elevati...

BACKGROUND Two international guidelines/standards for human protection from electromagnetic fields define the specific absorption rate (SAR) averaged over 10 g of tissue as a metric for protection against localized radio frequency field exposure due to portable devices operating below 3-10 GHz. Temperature elevation is suggested to be a dominant effect for exposure at frequencies higher than 10...

BACKGROUND The relationship between temperature and myocardial infarction has not been fully explained. In this study, we identified the threshold temperature and examined the relationship between temperature and emergency admissions due to MI in Korea. METHODS Poisson generalized additive model analyses were used to assess the short-term effects of temperature (mean, maximum, minimum, diurna...

Introduction: The present study aimed to present a numerical analysis of the penetration depth,  specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature rise in various eye tissues with varying distance between radiation source and exposed human eye tissues (i.e., cornea, posterior chamber, anterior chamber, lens, sclera, vitreous humor, and iris) at frequencies of 900 and1800 MHz. Materials and Method...

Environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity may be a critical component of response to changing environments. We examined local differentiation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to elevated temperature in half-sib lines collected across an elevation gradient for the alpine herb, Wahlenbergia ceracea. Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), we found low but significan...

OBJECTIVES To examine the association of intrapartum temperature elevation with adverse neonatal outcome among low-risk women receiving epidural analgesia and evaluate the association of epidural with adverse neonatal outcome without temperature elevation. METHODS We studied all low-risk nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies ≥37 weeks delivering at our hospital during 2000, excluding p...