INTRODUCTION Despite plasma levels of certain HIV drugs decreasing in the third trimester of pregnancy there is no definitive evidence that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) improves HIV control and prevents mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Indeed "one-off" TDM measurements are thought to poorly correlate with overall drug exposure [1]. We aim to describe baseline demographic and clinical c...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the process of obtaining the serum concentration of a medication and modifying the dose based on the results. Little is known about the application of TDM in the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in clinical practice. This study characterized how TDM was applied in the management of MDR TB patients, and e...

BACKGROUND Although therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is considered an underused tool in psychiatric care, the prevalence of TDM is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of TDM for antidepressants and antipsychotics during 2006-2013. METHODS The study population consisted of individuals ≥5 years of age residing in Stockholm County. The prevalence of TDM for each...

BACKGROUND Blood levels of voriconazole, a first line therapy for invasive aspergillosis, may correlate with adverse events and treatment response. However, no randomized controlled studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole. This study aimed to determine whether routine TDM of voriconazole reduces drug adverse event...

OFDM combined with TDM (OFDM/TDM) can be used to reduce a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM, but the PAPR reduction is not sufficient. To further reduce the PAPR, an amplitude clipping can be applied. In this letter, we investigate the effect of clipping on OFDM/TDM with and without channel coding. It is shown that amplitude clipped OFDM/TDM has an advantage over clipped OFDM with...

Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), a cord factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an important regulator of immune responses during Mtb infections. Macrophages recognize TDM through the Mincle receptor and initiate TDM-induced inflammatory responses, leading to lung granuloma formation. Although various immune cells are recruited to lung granulomas, the roles of other immune cells, especia...

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively review the long-term outcome of renal transplant in diabetics at Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital and Hamad Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait from 1983 to 1998. METHODS There were 631 renal transplant patients, comprising 79 (12.5%) patients with pretransplant diabetes mellitus (pre-TDM), 117 (18.5%) patients with post-transplant diabetes mellitus and 435 (69%) no...

Cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate[TDM] ), a mixture of 6,6'-diesters of alpha, alpha-D-trehalose with natural mycolic acids, has been described as having immunoregulatory and antitumor activities in vivo, although the relevant mechanisms of action remain unelucidated. In this work, we measured the effects of TDM on both mouse macrophage association with (i.e., the combined result of surfac...

This report focuses on the strategic role and the implementation of textual data mining (TDM) in government organizations, with special emphasis on TDM to support the management of science and technology (S&T). It begins by defining TDM, and discussing the strategic management process in federal government organizations and the role of TDM as an integral part of this process. The report then pr...

Triamidefon is a triazole derivative, which have both fungicidal and plant growth regulator (PGR) properties, and also protect plants from several types of abiotic stresses. The influential mechanism of Triamidefon on plants is not much studied. In this study effect of this compound on the drought stressed in tomato plants was investigated. The plants were subjected to 5 day interval drought st...