nowadays, air pollution is one of the major problems in developed and developing countries. in recent years, effects of air pollution on neuroinflammatory diseases such as alzheimer disease and parkinson disease have been studied. researches on polluted cities citizens indicate increasing in central nervous system (cns) inflammatory factors in comparison with clean cities; also air pollution ex...

Nowadays, air pollution is one of the major problems in developed and developing countries. In recent years, effects of air pollution on neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease have been studied. Researches on polluted cities citizens indicate increasing in central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory factors in comparison with clean cities; also air pollution ex...

tau is one of several types of microtubule-associated proteins (maps), responsible for the assembly and stability of microtubule networks that is present only in neurons and predominantly localized in axons which its functions are tightly regulated by phosphorylation. via as yet unknown mechanisms, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and accompanies with neuronal degeneration, loss of synapses, abe...

Tau is one of several types of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), responsible for the assembly and stability of microtubule networks that is present only in neurons and predominantly localized in axons which its functions are tightly regulated by phosphorylation. Via as yet unknown mechanisms, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and accompanies with neuronal degeneration, loss of synapses...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and multiple pathological lesions. At the molecular level, AD is characterized by overt amyloid β (Aβ) production and tau hyper-phosphorylation. Hence, pharmacological agents that can attenuate Aβ accumulation and tau hyper-phosphorylation have potential promise for treatment of AD. Rapamycin, an inhi...

The two characteristic lesions of Alzheimer's disease are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular accumulation of amyloid plaques. Tangles are composed of abnormally hyper-phosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau, whereas amyloid (AP) is derived from proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These lesions are thought to be etiologically...

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein whose misfolding, hyper-phosphorylation, loss of normal function and toxic gain of function are linked to several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review discusses the role of tau in amyloid-β (Aβ) induced toxicity in AD. The consequences of tau dysfunction, starting from the axon and concluding at somadendritic compar...

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves loss of cholinergic neurons and Tau protein hyper-phosphorylation. Here, we report that overexpression of an N-terminally extended "synaptic" acetylcholinesterase variant, N-AChE-S is causally involved in both these phenomena. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In transfected primary brain cultures, N-AChE-S induced cell death, morphological impair...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment and memory loss. Amyloid β1-42 (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau have been considered as major histological features in AD. However, the mechanism of how Aβ induces the hyper-phosphorylation of tau remains to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated the u...

Tau expression and tau phosphorylation were examined in muscle biopsies of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), myotilinopathies and desminopathies compared with controls. A panel of anti-tau antibodies including 3Rtau, 4Rtau, phospho-specific tau Thr181, Ser262, Ser396, Ser422 and antibody AT8 (recognizing phosphorylation sites Ser202 and Thr205) and Alzh50 (conformation-dependent) showed ...