the major objectives of this study were to find out the mechanism behind the sapstaining fungal hyphae penetration into wood elements using electron microscope and to evaluate the exact role of phenolic compounds existing in wood vinegar towards the sapstaining fungal growth inhibition. to formulate the new environmental friendly wood preservative, we neutralized (to ph 7) wood vinegar with nao...

A study was conducted to quantify tar formation in a stratified downdraft gasifier using wood pellets. The effect of biomass flow rate on tar concentration was also analyzed, and more than thirty compounds in tar were quantified. Among the different compounds in tar, tertiary condensed products such as toluene, o/p-xylene, naphthalene, phenol, styrene, and indene were observed in significant am...

Two kinds of creosote have been found based on historical evidence of the medicinal uses and origins. One is wood creosote, and distillate of wood-tar containing guaiacol and creosol. The other type of creosote is coal-tar creosote, obtained from coal-tar, containing naphthalene and anthracene as the major constituents. Wood creosote was prepared for the first time in Germany in 1830 and was us...

A 56 year old aromatherapist presented with advanced renal failure following chronic coal tar creosote vapour inhalation, and a chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis was identified on renal biopsy. Following dialysis dependence occult inhalation continued, resulting in seizures, ataxia, cognitive impairment and marked generalised cerebral atrophy. We describe for the first time a case of creoso...

Rubber wood (Ficus elastica) is one the biomass waste that can be used as raw material for a gasification process and has a calorific value of 4,069 cal/gram. Gasification is a process to convert a solid fuel to syngas (CO, CH4, and H2) through a combustion process using limited air between 20% to 40% of air stoichiometry. Depending on the direction of airflow, the gasifiers are classified as u...

Pine tar is the end product of pine wood carbonisation following distillation using extreme heat. An extensive literature search was conducted back to the 1950s for this review. Pine tar has been used in medicine for more than 2000 years to treat a range of skin conditions because of its soothing and antiseptic properties. Pine tar should not be confused with coal tar, which has been produced f...

The existence of tar compounds in producer gas is one of the major problems found in biomass gasification; these compounds need to be removed before the producer gas can be used. In order to predict the need for producer gas cleaning for catalytic conversion into traffic fuels and chemicals, the gas has to be accurately characterised and defined. In this study, tar compounds from producer gas o...

THE employment of tar in dermatology has a long history. According to Hebra (1868), Theophrastus, Dioscorides and Pliny advocated its use in the treatment of diseases of the skin. For many centuries this treatment fell into disfavour, partly on account of the general acceptance of Galen's " acrimonia sanguinis " theory ofthe causation ofskin disease which discouraged the use oflocal application...