Listening taking over half of the learners’ time and effort (Nunan, 1998), forms a basis for acquiring much of a language. There are factors affecting listening comprehension and its perception, such as the speech rate, phonological properties of the text, the quality of the recording, the learners’ anxiety, and listening comprehension strategies (Goh, 2000; Hamouda, 2013). At the Iran Language...

F tests which test jointly for a unit root and a zero intercept, and so compete against Dickey−Fuller t tests, are shown not to enhance power because they are invariant to the intercept value in the absence of a unit root. Monte Carlo results in the literature that indicate otherwise are shown to have resulted from the use of special starting values. Testing procedures that employ these F tests...

the proposed method, the profit maximization problem is transformed into a minimization problem that can be solved by a traditional hydro-thermal unit commitment program after implementing a few modifications. The paper describes t he modifications introduced in a unit commitment program based on the Lagrangian relaxation approach and on a disaggregated Bundle method for the solution of the dua...

In this paper, we first give a description of a surjective unit-preserving real-linear uniform isometry $ T : A longrightarrow B$,  where $ A $ and $ B $ are complex function spaces on compact Hausdorff spaces $ X $ and $ Y $, respectively, whenever ${rm ER}left (A, Xright ) = {rm Ch}left (A, Xright )$ and ${rm ER}left (B, Yright ) = {rm Ch}left (B, Yright )$. Next, we give a description of $ T...

Unit Commitment is large scale short-term optimization problem, in which main objective is to schedule generation to minimize the total fuel cost, subjected to large number of constraints that must be satisfied. In this paper unit commitment problem is solved by using a new evolutionary algorithm known as imperialistic algorithm. In ICA the initial populations individuals (countries) are the co...