This paper continues and finishes other works toward proposing a method to measure the μ-T-conditionality character of any fuzzy relation for any continuous t-norm T.

The IMF pretty much argues that all is well with the conditionally contained in the programs it supports and sees no reason to change it. The recent report by the International Financial Institution Advisory Commission in stark contrast argues that conditionality doesn’t work and should be abandoned. Which of them is right? The answer is neither of them. Undoubtedly, IMF conditionality has its ...

Donors who try to impose policy conditionality on countries receiving their aid commonly face con‡icting incentives between using aid to induce income-increasing reforms and using aid to assist low-income countries: this con‡ict can lead to a time-consistency problem. This paper o¤ers a contractual analysis of conditionality, showing how conditionality contracts are a¤ected by con‡icting donor ...

This paper uses multidimensional environmental value orientations as the segmentation bases for analyzing a natural destination tourism market of the National Forest Recreation Areas in Taiwan. Cluster analyses identify two segments, Acceptance and Conditionality, within 1870 usable observations. Independent sample t test and crosstab analyses are applied to examine these segments’ forest value...

This paper investigates whether World Bank conditionality is affected by the presence of “new” donors by using panel data for 54 African countries over the 1980 to 2013 period. Empirical results indicate that the World Bank delivers loans with significantly fewer conditions to recipient countries which are assisted by China. Less stringent conditionality is also observed in better off borrowers...

The lack of proper enforcement mechanism for sovereign debt generates a commitment failure. As a result, a sovereign may seek to improve its position in debt renegotiations and thus evade its debt obligations by reducing exports. Conditionality seeks to provide a solution to the incentive problem by addressing the commitment failure. Formalizing this argument, we show that conditionality helps ...

This paper deals with a new family of (A, N)-implications that derived from fuzzy negation and continuous monotone function, and some properties, like the left neutrally, the exchange principle, the ordering property and the laws of contraposition, of the proposed family of (A, N)-implications are studied. Moreover, the T-conditionality and the Modus tollens for the new family of (A, N)-i...

The Copenhagen political criteria have gained a wide interest among scholars in Turkey, as these conditions have been very crucial for Turkey’s accession to the European Union. One of these criteria is ‘respect for and protection of minority’. This paper tries to reveal the limits of the conditionality of minority protection as EU membership condition and it is accompanied with some observation...

he announcement on 6 May 2004 by the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) of the 16 countries eligible to receive funding under the Bush Administration’s Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) is a key step in the process of determining the direction of development assistance by applying quantitative international comparators to the governance performance of developing countries. It is the latest...

This paper presents a principal-agent model of IMF conditional lending, in the aftermath of a “capital-account” liquidity crisis. We show that traditional ex-post conditionality can be e¤ective in safeguarding the Fund’s resources, allowing for the provision of e¢cient emergency lending and reducing ine¢cient ex-ante credit rationing if the capital out‡ow which triggers the crisis is not excess...