a four month old male infant was referred to the pediatric clinic of afshar hospital in yazd city because of cyanosis. on physical examination, patient had central cyanosis, single second heart sound, a grade iii/vi continuous murmur in left clavicular area, abdominal distension and large sized smooth and movable abdominal mass in right upper quadrant of abdomen. transthoracic echocardiography ...

the aim of this study is to evaluate early and late results of surgery in children with congenital heart disease and decreased pulmonary blood flow, who underwent a palliative systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. during the past 9 years, 157 systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts were performed in 130 patients (69 males, 61 females) with ages from 1 day to 31 years old. they had been evaluated for their c...

pulmonary arterial hypertension (pha) is a frequent complication of congenital heart disease (chd), most commonly in systemic-to-pulmonary shunt lesions. in patients with an uncorrected left-to right shunt, pah will end up to eisenmenger’s syndrome, which is contraindication of surgery. what about patients with moderate to severe pah, who do not have criteria of eisenmenger’s syndrome; immediat...

critical pulmonary valve stenosis (cpvs) and atrial septal defect (asd) is an uncommon form of congenital heart disease. concurrent transcatheter pulmonary valvuplasty and closure of secundum atrial septal defect appears to be an interesting alternative to surgical correction. we present the simultaneous balloon valvuloplasty of critical pulmonary stenosis (ps) with supra systemic right ventric...

A modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (mBTS) is a surgically placed graft between the systemic and pulmonary arterial circulations that redirects systemic blood flow into the pulmonary circulation. It is often placed in those with rightsided obstructive cardiac defects to increase pulmonary blood flow. Postoperative shunt patency is critical to adequate systemic oxygenation. Nevertheless, in the imm...

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) produces nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine and is important for the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Congestive heart failure (CHF) generally results in increased pulmonary blood flow and if untreated leads to pulmonary hypertension and end stage heart failure. We therefore hypothesized that increased pulmonary flow without changes in pres...