this world; though all the discussions are focused on the causal relationships in allthe scientific arguments. one of the methods to study the designed causal relationshipsobjectively is granger causality test. this paper aims to investigate the longtermcausal relationship between the stock price and dividends. the statisticalpopulation includes 180 active companies in stock exchange of tehran ...

data extraction primary outcomes were incidence, prevalence, or odds ratio of having osteoporosis, defined as bone mineral density t-score < -2.5 sd. results of 353 articles, 344 articles were excluded, 9 underwent full-length review and data were extracted from 7 studies consisting of 113,558 patients. finally, 3 extracted studies were included in the meta-analysis of osteoporosis. among cohor...

this paper examines the effect of systematic risk on accounting conservatism. the idea is that in firms with higher systematic risk, managers have higher incentives to delay the recognition of bad news in the hope of future good news. they also face less demand for conservatism from investors and auditors. in this paper, for measuring systematic risk and accounting conservatism, we used beta fr...

Peer assessment is a powerful educational technique that provides significant benefits to both staff and students. Traditionally, peer assessment has been conducted using pen-and-paper in small classes. More recently, online tools have been developed to enable peer assessment to be applied in large class. In this article, the tools that support peer assessment are reviewed and analysed, reveali...

abstract breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. benign breast disease (bbd) is one of the most important risk factors for breast cancer. the etiology of bbd is unknown. it is divided into nonproliferative and proliferative diseases. the selection of studies will be based on titles, abstract screening, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality assessment. previous studies have shown that...

Although white collar work is of vast importance to the economy, the Operations Management (OM) literature has focused largely on traditional blue collar work. In an effort to stimulate more OM research into the design, control and management of white collar work systems, this paper provides a systematic review of disparate streams of research relevant to understanding white collar work from an...

OBJECTIVE We reviewed epidemiological studies on breastfeeding and breast cancer among Japanese women. This report is part of a series of articles written by our research group, whose aim was to evaluate the existing evidence concerning the association between health-related lifestyles and cancer. METHODS Original data were obtained from MEDLINE searches using PubMed or from searches of the I...