a most effective and less energy demanding method of producing fatty esters, diol esters, by esterifying fatty acids, with neopentyl and ethylenglycol alcohols in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst(polyestyrendivinylbenzensulfated) was investigated at elevated temperature. in this process an azeotroping agent, toluene, was used to facilitate continuous removal of water by dis...

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are widely used in machining process to improve its performance and product quality. It acts as a coolant and lubricant to reduce heat between the contact of two surfaces. However, commercial MWFs used in the industry were usually from petroleum-based oil which is toxic to the environment, difficult to dispose and caused significant health. Therefore, it is essential ...

Growing demands from industry for the use of eco-friendly lubricants led research towards finding environmentally friendly products with superior lubricating characteristics. Vegetable oils and synthetic ester oils are competitive base oils used to obtain lubricants with good physico-chemical, rheological and tribotechnical properties, biodegradable lubricants without negative environmental imp...

Trimethylolpropane triesters are biodegradable synthetic lubricant base oil alternative to mineral oils, polyalphaolefins and diesters. These oils can be produced from trimethylolpropane (TMP) and fatty acid methyl esters via chemical or enzymatic catalyzed synthesis methods. In the present study, a commercial palm oil derived winter grade biodiesel (ME18) was evaluated as a viable and sustaina...

The aim of this work was to study the biodegradation of different types of automotive lubricant oils adapted to the aqueous medium using a base inoculum and an aqueous inoculum. Four treatments were carried out in two consecutive and similar experiments: T1 (control); T2 (half-synthetic oil); T3 (mineral oil); T4 (used oil). The results showed the following decreasing order of CO2 production in...

The development of new gearbox designs, the quality requirements as well as the growing ecology consciousness influenced the development of synthetic transmission gear oils with extended replacement interval. Monitoring of lubricant operating properties in the application and the analysis of the gained results provide the lubricant replacement at the right time. In this way the costs of lubrica...

Replacing R-22 by HFC refrigerants in stationary air conditioners is forcing oil producers to develop a new lubricant which has good miscibility with HFC, lubricity and electric resistivity. Mitsui has selected a carbonate compound for a new lubricant candidate with HFC and developed it forcusing on its thermal stability, which is one of the most important factors to get good lubricity. By supp...

New lubricants have been developed to meet the performance demands of modem refrigerants and system components. A brief review of current refrigeration oil developments is presented. It is well known that the new lubricants used with polar refrigerants tend to absorb water. The ester hydrolysis process and the effect on the essential lubricant properties are described. The effect of increased w...

The effects of two lubricating oils on the trophic diversity of a nematode community of a Tunisian lagoon were investigated in a microcosm experiment. Sediment from a pristine site in Ghar El Melh lagoon (Western Mediterranean) was treated with mineral oil (Mobil 20 W-50), a synthetic lubricant (Mobil 0 W-40), the same two lubricants after use in a vehicle. Univariate analysis showed significan...

The amount of energy that can be gained from the wind is unlimited, unlike current energy sources such as fossil and coal. While there is an important push in the use of wind energy, gears and bearing components of the turbines often fail due to contact fatigue, causing costly repairs and downtime. The objective of this work is to investigate the potential tribological benefits of two phosphoni...