in the present paper, we are to put forth a paradigm for the systematic study of modality in persian.with this end in view, we consider modality as a linguistic phenomenon that can be expressed at the level of sentence, at the level of constituents smaller than sentence and/or at the level of discourse. in such a system where sentential modality, sub-sentential modality and discourse modality a...

Modal verbs in English are challenging to learn by speakers of other languages. The purpose of thiswas to shed light on the use of gesture in learning English modal verbs by Persian-speaking children.To achieve this, 60 elementary Iranian learners, studying at some institutes in Karaj took part in thisstudy. The participants were randomly put into one experimental group and one control group. T...

Abstract Task-based language teaching is considered an effective way to achieve a harmony between grammar and communication. The present study investigates two different ways of teaching modal verbs: task-based versus traditional approaches. To this purpose, an Oxford Placement Test was administered to select 40 homogeneous participants out of a larger population who took this test. The selecte...

Abstract Task-based language teaching is considered an effective way to achieve a harmony between grammar and communication. The present study investigates two different ways of teaching modal verbs: task-based versus traditional approaches. To this purpose, an Oxford Placement Test was administered to select 40 homogeneous participants out of a larger population who took this test. The selecte...

modal verbs and their different meanings can be investigated on the basis of various theoretical frameworks. in this paper, persian modal verbs are examined and analyzed in terms of degrees and kinds of modality proposed by palmer (1990). our analysis shows that although bǎyad ‘must’ does not entail the proposition, it is used to express three degrees of epistemic modality, two degrees of dynam...

abstracttask-based language teaching is considered an effective way to achieve a harmony between grammar and communication. the present study investigates two different ways of teaching modal verbs: task-based versus traditional approaches. to this purpose, an oxford placement test was administered to select 40 homogeneous participants out of a larger population who took this test. the selected...

“ba:y?d” as a persian lexeme is interwoven with modality, a semantic category and therefore has a complicated and thought- provoking semantic nature. this paper uses evidence from persian to investigate the usage of this lexeme and some of its semantic and pragmatic aspects in this language. the results indicate that this lexical category can convey a wide range of modal meanings in different c...

In Early Modern Persian prose and verse, verbs with a present stem accompanied by grapheme "-y" have been used to express modal concepts of imperative and command or invocation and request. Researchers, regardless of the historical changes of Early Modern Persian, believe that this structure of  subjunctive 2nd person singular has been used to express imperative mood, and that &q...

in treating the subject of musical language, a persian musician would be intrinsically drawn to the structural similarities between the persian music and language. indeed persian music and language are extremely related in their metrics, intonations and structural phrases (syntax). although we will draw upon this relationship, our aim in this article is to present “music as a language,” consist...