[Purpose] It is well-known that the muscles of spinal stability also play roles in respiration. The spinal stability muscles are divided into two subgroups, the local muscle group and the global muscle group. Appropriately coordinated activation of muscle groups are recommended for more efficient spinal stability. The indirect method of measuring coordination of muscle groups is the synergist r...

After nerve-repair grafting of medial gastrocnemius muscle, there is incomplete recovery of specific force and sustainable power, perhaps due to overcompensation by synergistic muscles. We hypothesized that increased workload due to synergist ablation would enhance graft recovery. Contractile and metabolic properties of control and nerve-repair grafted muscles, with and without synergist ablati...

Adult skeletal muscle possesses remarkable potential for growth in response to mechanical loading; however, many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved remain undefined. The hypothesis of this study was that the extracellular serine protease, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is required for muscle hypertrophy, in part by promoting macrophage accumulation in muscle subjecte...

Monkeys can gradually change the amplitude of the biceps spinal stretch reflex (SSR) without change in initial muscle length or biceps background electromyographic activity (EMG) (17). We investigated the concurrent behavior of synergist (brachialis and brachioradialis) and antagonist (triceps) muscles. Synergist background EMG remained stable while marked change occurred in biceps SSR amplitud...

[Purpose] This study aims to analyze the effect that moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has on the respiratory synergist muscles. The results will provide basic data that can be used in the clinical management of COPD. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects in the study were 47 male patients with COPD between 55 and 70 years old who were treated in a medical institutio...

In this paper, extractants are presented which made it possible to separate actinides(III) and lanthanides from strong nitric acid solutions (0.05 1 mol/L). For this purpose, new aromatic dithiophosphinic acids were synthesised and characterised, and the distribution ratios of Am(III), Eu(III) and all relevant lanthanides were determined in batch extraction experiments. The extractant used was ...

trasal-contact method test using glass petri-dish rather than the conventional glass jar was used to evaluate the permethrin toxicity and synergism effect of piperonal butoxode (pbo) on nymphae of five strains of blattella germanica (l.). the test was carried out on 2-3 days old of first nympal stage, at four replicates of 10 cockroaches. the susceptible strain showed t50 and kt50 of 12.81 and ...

Four strains (SS, BS, A and B) of Aedes aegypti collected from different sites in Bangkok and at different times were examined for their pyrethroid susceptibility. Mosquito coils containing dl, d-T80-allethrin, d, d-T-prallethrin and methoxymethyl-tetrafluorobenzyl tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (K-3050) with or without a synergist were tested by the 25 m3 semi-field test method. One strai...

The effects of nitrogenous synergists on the potentiometric responses to divalent transition metal ions were investigated concerning polymeric liquid membranes containing thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Htta) as an ionophore. The tested synergists were pyridine (py) and 4,4'-dioctyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (C8bpy). The potentiometric responses to metal ions, such as Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+, were induced by a...

During an investigation of the serotonin content of normal and schizophrenic blood sera, it was observed that many sera from severely schizophrenic patients contained a substance which augmented the response (contraction) of the isolated rat uterus to serotonin. Doses of serotonin which were too small to cause a contraction of the uterus by themselves did so when dilutions of these sera were ad...