With the increased affordances of synchronous communication tools, more opportunities for online learning to resemble face-to-face settings have recently become available. However, synchronous communication does not afford as much time for reflection as asynchronous communication. Therefore, a combination of synchronous and asynchronous communication in e-learning would seem desirable to optima...

Second or foreign language (L2) learners’ development of interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) competence to understand and properly interpret utterances under certain social and cultural circumstances plays a pivotal role in the achievement of communicative competence. The current study was designed to explore the effects of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) and asynchronous com...

this study aimed at investigating the impact of utilizing call on efl learners’ foreign accent reduction. to this end, 62 participants out of 100 undergraduate freshman english students at islamic azad university central tehran branch were ed based on a piloted sample pet and a text-to-read. the ed participants were then nonrandomly assigned to an experimental and a control group, each containi...

Distributed real-time systems use both synchronous communication and asynchronous communication. The asynchronous communication has much more complicated semantics than the synchronous one. It is desirable to provide quasi-synchronous semantics for asynchronous communication networks. Time-triggered protocols in combination with the time asynchronous model can be used to form a hybrid system mo...

This study examines the different patterns of online interaction between asynchronous communication and synchronous communication networks. Discussion transcripts were analyzed and coded using Bale’s Interaction Process Analysis (IPA) model (revised and expanded version). The preliminary findings showed significant differences in the interaction between social-emotional and task-oriented conten...

Through inward perceptions, we intuitively expect distributed software development to increase the risks associated with achieving quality goals. To compound this problem, agile software development (ASD) maintains that face-to-face (synchronous) communication attributed to co-location of the development team is a key success factor. The following study explored the relationship between synchro...

In this paper, we study the effects of synchronous and asynchronous communication mode on electronic negotiations. By applying content analysis, we compare the negotiation processes of two e-negotiation simulations conducted in a synchronous and an asynchronous mode. Our results show significant differences in communication behavior of subjects. Synchronous negotiation mode leads to less friend...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using synchronous and asynchronous communication tools in online group activities to develop collaborative learning skills. An experimental study was implemented on a sample of faculty of education students in Mansoura University. The sample was divided into two groups, a group studied using synchronous communication tools, and the othe...

In this paper, we propose a quasi-synchronous checkpointing algorithm and a low-overhead recovery algorithm based on it. The checkpointing algorithm preserves process autonomy by allowing them to take checkpoints asynchronously and uses communication-induced checkpoint coordination for the progression of the recovery line which helps bound rollback propagation during a recovery. Thus, it has th...