the present experimental study reports on enhancement of heat transfer by addition of nanoparticles to the working fluid of commercial swimming pool heat exchangers under laminar flow condition. three different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were added to the water as working fluid of a typical forced convective heat exchanger used to transfer heat to public swimming pools. th...

Swimming pools as thermal sinks for air conditioners could save approximately 40% on peak cooling power and 30% of overall cooling energy, compared to standard residential air conditioning. Heat dissipation from pools in semi-arid climates with large diurnal temperature shifts is such that pool heating and space cooling may occur concurrently; in which case heat rejected from cooling equipment ...

abstract: in this study, al 2 o 3 /eg and tio 2 /eg nanofluids as coolants have been used in the double-tube heat exchanger. the hot solvent inlet heat exchanger must be cooled down with a specified amount. we can use nanofluids as coolants in the heat exchanger for optimization of the heat transfer area. therefore, the efficacy of nanofluids as coolants is verified. furthermore, flow rate of c...

background: many studies have been showed that certain illnesses including fungi and bacterial infections can be transmitted to human by contaminated swimming pools water. the main objective of the present study was to detect microbial (bacterial and fungi) and chemical (ph and chlorine levels) pollutions of the all swimming pools water in hamadan city, iran . methods: this study was a cross-se...

background: a new microextraction method named dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (dllme) for determination of chloroform in pool water and blood of swimmers after swimming is described. methods: this method was performed based on coupling dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (dllme) with gas chromatog­raphy-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). methanol and trichloroethylenes were used as the d...

background: infections are readily transmitted as a result of bacterial contamination of swimming pools. therefore, hygiene and preventing the contamination of swimming pools is of particular importance. the objective of this study was to determine the amount of bacterial contamination in indoor pools of yazd in 2013. methods: in this descriptive and analytical study, all indoor swimming pools ...

fault occurred in the heat reclamation system and simple air extraction was used. For intensively used public swimming pools there are no obvious altematives to chlorine based disinfectants. A survey of bather comfort showed that problems with chlorinous smells are virtually non-existent when the organic contaminants are removed by the powerful oxidising action of ozone.3 In this process swimmi...

fault occurred in the heat reclamation system and simple air extraction was used. For intensively used public swimming pools there are no obvious altematives to chlorine based disinfectants. A survey of bather comfort showed that problems with chlorinous smells are virtually non-existent when the organic contaminants are removed by the powerful oxidising action of ozone.3 In this process swimmi...

heat exchangers are the critical components of refrigeration and liquefaction processes. selection of appropriate operational conditions for cryogenic recuperative heat exchanger and expansion valve operating in joule-thomson cooling system results in improving the performance and efficiency. in the current study, a straightforward procedure is introduced to design an efficient joule-thomson co...

Tuna appear able to maintain their muscles at 5-10 degrees C above ambient by balancing heat produced in situ and conserved by a counter-current heat exchanger with heat lost to the sea. Metabolite profiles under three different activity states (rest, burst swimming, and steady state swimming during feeding frenzies at sea) were used to identify which metabolic processes in white and red muscle...