a secular milestone is approached by the world in line of reaching millennium development goals (mdgs). after december 2015, a new of flexible and global sustainable development goals (sdgs) were set, replace mdgs by sdgs. infant mortality rate (imr) is a pivotal indicator of development in a given country that embedded in millennium development goal (mdg).  after that in manner of strong clini...

the united nations (un) sustainable development agenda offers an opportunity to realise the right to health for all. the agenda’s “interlinked and integrated” sustainable development goals (sdgs) provide the prospect of focusing attention and mobilising resources not just for the provision of health services through universal health coverage (uhc), but also for addressing the underlying social,...

Background and aims: Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that can be defined in both economic and social terms. The paper attempts to review the existing evidence to understand the relation between poverty and ill health in the context of the limited conceptual and operational definitions of these terms. The paper uses two of Hills criteria- reversibility and dose response relationship to ...

the world was different when the ottawa charter for health promotion was released 30 years ago. concerns over the environment and what we now call the ‘social determinants of health’ were prominent in 1986. but the acceleration of ecological crises and economic inequalities since then, in a more complex and multi-polar world, pose dramatically new challenges for those committed to the original ...

Ontologies are built in a variety of circumstances, for different applications. Some are quite small and built with minimal consideration (or need) for extensibility. Others, such as many of the large-scale efforts in the OBO Foundry, have a team of developers, domain specialists and collaborators actively engaged in interactive development [1-2]. The size of the ontology, or the complexity of ...

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) mark a historic and eff ective method of global mobilisation to achieve a set of important social priorities worldwide. They express widespread public concern about poverty, hunger, disease, unmet schooling, gender inequality, and environmental degradation. By packaging these priorities into an easily understandable set of eight goals, and by establishing...