Introduction: Much of what we know about airless bodies in the solar system comes from observation of their surface or surface processes. From observations come hypotheses or models that, in favorable cases, can be constrained by additional observations on returned samples. Here, we show that other useful constraints arise from the extant knowledge of surface science processes occurring in othe...

Atmospheric pressure corona discharges are used in electrophotographic (EP) printing technologies for charging imaging surfaces such as photoconductors. A typical corona discharge consists of a wire (or wire array) biased with a few hundred volts of dc plus a few kV of ac voltage. An electric discharge is produced around the corona wire from which electrons drift towards and charge the underlyi...

The surface of insulators accumulates charge during subject to high voltage stresses electrically.The surface charging causes deteriorations of electrical performance and durability of high voltage insulators in gas. In this paper, we describe a result of visual analysis of electric fields with accumulation charge on complex insulator surface to clear the effect of surface charging on the diele...

in this study, an electrostatic sprayer which had been previously designed and constructed was evaluated in order to quantify the charging of droplets. liquid atomization was achieved by using an ultrasonic nozzle. the nozzle maximum flow rate was 25 milliliters per minute and vibration frequency was about 30 khz. the induction method was used for charging the output droplets. all experiments w...

The generation of tribo-electric charge during pharmaceutical powder processing can cause a range of complications, including segregation of components leading to content uniformity and particle surface adhesion. This phenomenon becomes problematical when excipients are introduced to a powder mixture alongside the highly charging active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (APIs). The aim of this study...

This paper describes a simple and reliable method of improving the surface insulation strength of a spacer used in vacuum. The method is to roughen the spacer surface to an average roughness R higher than 1 or 2 m. The material of the spacer a examined is SiO , PMMA, PTFE or Al O and their shape is a right cylinder with 2 2 3 10 mm in height and 54 mm in diameter. The spacer is subjected to a r...

This communication describes a new approach for controlling static charging (contact electrification), and resulting electrical discharging, that occurs when two contacting materials separate. The prevention of contact electrification is an important problem; unwanted adhesion between oppositely charged materials, spark-initiated explosions, and damage to microelectronic circuitry are some of t...

Based on theories of hydrogen electrode reactions at the palladium surface and self-stresses of hydrogen in thin tubular shells established earlier, we numerically calculate transport properties of hydrogen across a tubular membrane under galvanostatic charging conditions. It is found that the exited hydrogen flux is much less than the charging current since the hydrogen combination reaction ta...