background: toxoplasma gondii , the obligate, intracellular parasite afflicts human in diverse ways such as ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and genotyping of toxoplasma isolated from meat samples being consumed in east azerbaijan, northwest of iran. methods: overall, 150 samples including chicken, beef and lamb meat were collecte...

The utility of recombinant Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen P22 for the detection of specific T. gondii antibodies in human sera was evaluated. Polymerase chain reaction was used to produce a 438-bp fragment of the P22 gene; the fragment corresponded to the amino acids predicted to be in the processed, native antigen. The fragment was subcloned into pGEX-2T and was expressed in Escherichia col...

A cosmid (pPR1347) carrying both the rfb gene cluster and the rfc gene of a Salmonella group B serovar has been constructed; Escherichia coli K-12 strains carrying this cosmid produce long-chain O antigen, are sensitive to phage P22, and can be transduced by P22. Some of the benefits of P22 transduction are now available for studying E. coli and potentially other genera.

The general transducing phage P22 attacks only smooth (S) Salmonella with O antigen 12, determined by the oligosaccharide repeating unit constituting the distal part of the somatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) side chain; non-S mutants, whose LPS contain few or no O repeating units, appear to be resistant. Auxotrophic non-S mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were tested as transductional recipie...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for serological diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, using HCV core protein (p22) synthesized by a recombinant baculovirus. Among 58 clinically well-defined chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) patients, 49 (84.5%) were positive for p22 antibody (anti-p22), whereas 42 (72.4%) were positive for C100-3 antibody (anti-C100-3),...

Bacteriophage P22, like other double-stranded DNA bacteriophages, packages DNA in a preassembled, DNA-free procapsid. The P22 procapsid and P22 bacteriophage have been electrophoretically characterized; the procapsid has a negative average electrical surface charge density (sigma) higher in magnitude than the negative sigma of the mature bacteriophage. Dextrans, sucrose, and maltose were shown ...

Subunit vaccines provide a safe, focused alternative to conventional vaccines. However, these vaccines often require significant adjuvants and are particularly hard to target toward cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity. Viruslike particles (VLPs) provide biomaterial scaffolds with pathogen-like polyvalent structures making them useful platforms for biomimetic antigen delivery to the immune sys...

Cytochrome b558 is a membrane-bound component of the NADPH-oxidase system in phagocytes and consists of a low-Mr subunit of 22 to 23 Kd and a high-Mr subunit of 75 to 90 Kd. The present study on the subcellular localization of the low Mr subunit of cytochrome b558 (p22-phox) in resting human peripheral blood phagocytes was based on immunogold labeling with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 449, recent...

hepatitis b surface antigen is the first genetically engineered vaccine licensed for human use. various strategies have been proposed to obtain a vaccine that would bypass the need for injection. in this study, a non-toxic portion of heat-stable enterotoxin of escherichia coli that is capable of adhering to epithelial cells was inserted at amino acid position 112 of hepatitis surface antigen. t...