An effort is made to evaluate the formulation of seismic active earth pressure behind a nonvertical retaining wall supporting c-Ф backfill. The formulation is prepared to get a single critical wedge surface for simultaneous action of weight, surcharge, cohesion and adhesion. The success of any retaining structure involves the awareness of seismic active earth pressure. The effect of various par...

This paper describes the behavior of soft soil foundation under vacuum-assisted preloading at the Second Bangkok International Airport, Thailand. An analytical solution considering the variation of soil permeability and compressibility is proposed. The associated settlement and excess pore pressure at the embankment centerline are predicted and compared with the available field measurement. The...

This paper investigates the impact of surcharge/unloading at both sides ground surface on an existing underground shield tunnel varying burial depths. A large-scale indoor model experiment was conducted to study vertical convergence deformation, settlement, and additional surrounding pressure different depths when occurred surface. The effect depth, surcharge mass, uneven further investigated b...

The current study offers insights into how a pricing strategy called partitioned pricing and its transparency can influence auction success variables. In the online auction environment, auction sellers have to make several surcharge decisions such as whether or not to omit surcharge information from their auction listings or how much the surcharge should be, etc. We found that auctions that did...

The design of retaining walls depends on the magnitude of active pressure exerted from the backfill. Therefore, estimating the scale of this pressure is a fundamental factor in the design. In this study, to assess the active earth pressure, a rigid retaining wall was built capable of translating and/or rotating with adjustable speed. Further, several physical tests were conducte...

Vacuum–surcharge preloading is widely used in soft soil foundation reinforcement projects. To study the characteristics of changes pore water pressure and settlement as a result effect vacuum–surcharge preloading, this paper, consolidation model was established for large–sized sand–drain fluid–solid coupling along depth direction while taking sequence actual surcharge vacuum into consideration ...

The German support for renewable energies in the electricity sector is based on the feed-in tariff for investors that grants guaranteed revenues for their renewable energy supply. Corresponding to differences of granted tariffs and respective market values, a surcharge on consumption covers differential costs. While granted tariffs are bound to fall with advances in renewable energy technologie...

This paper investigates the use of ATM surcharges as a strategic device to increase bank profitability. We show that ATM surcharge changes can have both a direct effect on bank profitability and an indirect effect via customer switching and a related customer relationship effect. That is, customer switching results in an increase in the demand for other services provided by the surcharge increa...

This study analyzes the total deductibles and coinsurance Medicare beneficiaries accrued in 1980. The study shows that Part B services accounted for 70 percent of all liability and Part A for 30 percent. Only 21 percent of enrollees exceeded $270 in liability from Part A and Part B combined. In 1980, if every enrollee had paid a surcharge of about $70, all liability over $270 could have been ca...

there are limitations in experimental studies on sand-gravel mixtures due to the small size of testingspecimens. due to this problem, many researchers have worked on prediction of the shear strength of mixture by testingthe sandy fraction of soil alone and developed empirical relationships. most of the previous relationships have beendetermined for low surcharge pressures in which particle brea...