the logical treatise al-muhja has been attributed to avicenna in some bibliographies of logical treatises. since a proper understanding of the development of avicennian logic rests on the identification and consideration of the entire corpus of his logical works, the task of the present study is to investigate the validity of ascription of this treatise to avicenna. in carrying out an analysis ...

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understanding the historical events and developments of iran during seljuq era sustains some major limitations and deficiencies comparing with other historical periods of iran after the advent of islam, due to certain circumstances of historiography and historical resources of that time. lack of formal policy of seljuq rulers in supporting historians and avoidance of the majority of historians ...

writing about the date of different events by using historical documents is a reliable way of history analyzing. historical documents are less affected by mental backgrounds, loves and hates, and interests and values. they are more reliable in narrating historical facts. such documents are generally prepared by experts when a given event has occurred and are less affected by next incidents. alt...