Supergene oxidation-leaching and secondary sulfide enrichment in the SarCheshmeh porphyry Cu-Mo deposit generated a supergene profile to depths of 20 to 80 meters with oxide ore reserve about 22 Mt. @1.08% Cu and sulfides ore [email protected]% Cu. Geochemical distribution and behavior of trace metals associated with Cu namely Mo, Au, and Ag in the supergene profile of the SarCheshmeh were po...

supergene oxidation-leaching and secondary sulfide enrichment in the sarcheshmeh porphyry cu-mo deposit generated a supergene profile to depths of 20 to 80 meters with oxide ore reserve about 22 mt. @1.08% cu and sulfides ore [email protected]% cu. geochemical distribution and behavior of trace metals associated with cu namely mo, au, and ag in the supergene profile of the sarcheshmeh were po...

The origin and evolution of supergenes have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. In the polymorphic butterfly Heliconius numata, a supergene controls the switch between multiple different forms, and results in near-perfect mimicry of model species. Here, we use a morphometric analysis to quantify the variation in wing pattern observed in two broods of H. numata with different alleles at the...

Genetic dominance in polymorphic loci may respond to selection; however, the evolution of dominance in complex traits remains a puzzle. We analyse dominance at a wing-patterning supergene controlling local mimicry polymorphism in the butterfly Heliconius numata. Supergene alleles are associated with chromosomal inversion polymorphism, defining ancestral versus derived alleles. Using controlled ...

Studies on the classic shell colour and banding polymorphism of the land snail Cepaea played a crucial role in establishing the importance of natural selection in maintaining morphological variation. Cepaea is also a pre-eminent model for ecological genetics because the outward colour and banding phenotype is entirely genetically determined, primarily by a 'supergene' of at least five loci. Unf...

Variation in social behaviour is common, yet little is known about the genetic architectures underpinning its evolution. A rare exception is in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta: Alternative variants of a supergene region determine whether a colony will have exactly one or up to dozens of queens. The two variants of this region are carried by a pair of 'social chromosomes', SB and Sb, which resem...

Intercellular adhesion molecules can be classified as Ca2+ dependent or Ca2+ independent. This classification has significant functional implications regarding cellular interactions. The best characterized Ca2(+)-dependent adhesion molecules, such as L-CAM or E-cadherin, belong to the family of closely related cell surface molecules called cadherins. On the other hand, those immunoglobulin supe...

A remarkable social polymorphism is controlled by a single Mendelian factor in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. A genomic element marked by the gene Gp-9 determines whether workers tolerate one or many fertile queens in their colony. Gp-9 was recently shown to be part of a supergene with two nonrecombining variants, SB and Sb. SB/SB and SB/Sb queens differ in how they initiate new colonies, and...

In the dynamics of the survival of chromosomal polymorphism selection may be operating at the genic level, at the chromosomal level or at the supergene level. Tests designed to distinguish between these levels were run on Drosophila pseudoobscura. There was no evidence for heterosis, a necessary requirement for gene-determined chromosomal polymorphism A strong chromosmal selection was observed....