The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a worldwide apple pest, is classified as a freeze-intolerant organism and one of the most cold-tolerant pests. The objectives of this study were to examine the supercooling point of overwintering and non-diapausing larvae of C. pomonella as an index of its cold hardiness, and to assess larval mortality following 24 h exposure to e...

Regulation of the temperature at which insects freeze is a critical factor in their overwintering survival. Although the role of ice-nucleating active bacteria in promoting frost-damage in plants is well known, their interaction with other organisms has not been described. In winter. many freeze-susceptible insects avoid freezing by lowering the temperature at which their body fluids spontaneou...

hippodamia variegata is an efficient and most abundant predatory coccinellids in many countries. understanding the ability of long-term low temperature survival in beneficial insects can be used to make better predictions about subsequent abundance and hence the biological control potential in the next spring and summer. so in this study, effects of long-term temperatures were investigated on m...

The objective of this paper is to investigate water supercooling. Supercooling occurs when a liquid does not freeze although its temperature is below its freezing point. In general, supercooling is an unstable condition and occurs under special conditions. The parameters that influence supercooling stability and probability of occurrence include freezer temperature and water’s initial temperatu...

The level of an animal's stress resistance is set by multiple intrinsic physiological and extrinsic environmental parameters. Body size is a critical intrinsic parameter that affects numerous fitness-related organismal traits including fecundity, survival, mating success, and stress resistance. The rate of cooling is a critical extrinsic environmental factor that can affect thermal stress resis...

The majority of overwintering insects avoid lethal freezing by lowering the temperature at which ice spontaneously nucleates within their body fluids. We examined the effect of ice-nucleating-active bacteria on the cold-hardiness of the lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens, a freeze-intolerant species that overwinters by supercooling to ca. -16 degrees C. Topical application of the ice-nucleating...

Seasonal variations in the supercooling point, survival at low temperatures and sugar content were studied in fieldcollected codling moth larvae. The supercooling point of field-collected larvae decreased significantly from a mean value of –13.4°C in August 2004 (feeding larvae) to –22.0°C in December 2004 (overwintering larvae). Survival at –20°C/24 h was 0% during early autumn, whereas it inc...

The liquid thermal history effect on liquid supercooling behavior has been found in various metals and alloys; typically the degree of liquid supercooling (ΔT-) increases with the increase of liquid overheating (ΔT⁺) up to several to tens of degrees above the equilibrium melting point (T₀). Here we report quantitative experimental measurements on the ΔT--ΔT⁺ relationship of Al small particles e...

‘Many insects accumulate polyhydric alcohols, particularly glycerol, sorbitol, and carbohydrates during fall and winter. In the larval hymenopteran Brachon cephi, Salt (11) found glycerol concentrations as high as 5 m and supercooling points as low as -47°C. The production of these substances is correlated with increased cold hardiness in both freezing tolerant and freezing intolerant species. ...