Islamic legal theory (popularly known as uṣū al-fiqh in term) runs into difficulties when dealing with social and humanities issues. Religious texts, according to Hassan Hanafi’s perspective, should not only be positioned a source of law, but also at the same time must seen phenomenological experiences religiosity. The dialectic religious text today's empirical context needs reformulated. By us...

Abstract Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) wrote his tome Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya to refute Ašʿarī kalām theologian Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s 606/1210) argument in Taʾsīs al-taqdīs that God is not corporeal, located, or spatially extended. the largest known refutation of incorporealism Islamic tradition, and was apparently most sophisticated work its kind circulating Taymiyya’s Mamlūk scholarly milieu. d...

Nancy Wiegand, Naijun Zhou and Stephen Ventura Land Information and Computer Graphics Facility University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 [email protected]; nzhou, [email protected] www.lic.wisc.edu/DG_Project/DGhomepage.html Isabel F. Cruz and William Sunna Computer Science Department University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago, Illinois 60607 [email protected], [email protected] http://www.cs.ui...

Roland SEIFERT,*§ Gunter SCHULTZ,* Martina RICHTER-FREUND,* Jorg METZGER,t Karl-Heinz WIESMULLER,t Gunther JUNG,t Wolfgang G. BESSLER$ and Sunna HAUSCHILDTt *Institut fur Pharmakologie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Thielallee 69/73, D-1000 Berlin 33, tInstitut fir Organische Chemie der Universitat, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-7400 Tiibingen, and tInstitut fur Immunbiologie der Universitat, Stefan-M...

Aim. To explore female outpatients' perspectives on problems related to female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and their views on information, care, and counseling. Setting. An FGM/C support center at a maternity clinic in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Methods. A qualitative, descriptive study, using content analysis of seven semistructured interviews with female outpatients. Results. All participan...

among the most important differences between the sunnīs and shī‘as is the legal obligation of the circumambulation called ṭawāf al-nisā’ in the end of the ḥajj pilgrimage and the consequences of its non-performance. contrary to the shī‘as, the sunnīs’ jurisprudence the have opined the necessity of another circumambulation called ṭawāf al-widā‘ (farewell circumambulation) by putting aside ṭawāf ...

Fungi are very important group of microorganisms with maximum number of representatives. Fungi provide several direct or indirect benefits to mankind such as decomposition of organic material, bioremediations of toxic materials, production of antibiotics and other industrial products etc (Rani et al., 2014; Kawaguchi et al., 2013; Sunna et al., 1997). In contrast to the benefits, fungi can also...

Much has been written on the relation of Ghazali (al-Ghaz®l¬) to Ash‘arism1 that, among other things, indicate his criticisms of the kal®m.2 Underlying his criticisms is a primary thesis, namely that the main function of kal®m is the protection of traditional Islamic belief (‘aq¬da), rooted in the Qur’®n and guided by the customary practice of the prophet, the sunna, against heretical innovatio...