decade, I am as disappointed with negative results as you are. However, those results cannot be wiped out because of the technicalities you mention (and which we disagree with, as mentioned above). As Sun Tzu says in the Art of War: “Fight, but know where there are sufficiencies and deficiencies.” Our study does give an answer to the limited question of the effect of short-term treatment on mod...

natural substances extracted from plants have recently been considered as potential sunscreen resources because of their ultraviolet ray absorption in the uva region and their antioxidant activity. in the present study, the uv protective effects of ethyl acetate extracts of some common medicinal plants, which have flavonoids and other phenolics as the most important components, were evaluated u...

long exposure of uv radiation increases risk of skin diseases such as cancer and photoallergic reactions. uv-b (280-320 nm) radiation is mainly responsible for inducing skin problems. skin protection is a suitable method in the fight against ultraviolet radiation induced damage. various synthetic agents have been used as photo protective but because of their potential toxicity in humans, they h...

We present a theoretical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model describing the time-dependent expulsion of a three-dimensional coronal mass ejection (CME) out of the solar corona. The model relates the white-light appearance of the CME to its internal magnetic Ðeld, which takes the form of a closed bubble, Ðlled with a partly anchored, twisted magnetic Ñux rope, and embedded in an otherwise open backg...

Additional Contributions:We are indebted to themycological laboratory staff of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-senMemorial Hospital, including Li Yan Xi, MD, PhD; ChangMing Lu, MD; Sha Lu, MD, PhD; and Ying Hui Liu, MD, without whose invaluable assistance this study could not have been performed. These persons received no payment for their contributions beyond that received in the normal course...

Understanding how Earth has sustained surface liquid water throughout its history remains a key challenge, given that the Sun's luminosity was much lower in the past. Here we show that with an atmospheric composition consistent with the most recent constraints, the early Earth would have been significantly warmed by H(2)-N(2) collision-induced absorption. With two to three times the present-day...

BACKGROUND The melanoma incidence has increased over recent decades. Educational campaigns aim to encourage protection from the sun and early detection of melanoma. METHODS During a campaign in Switzerland, information on risk factors, sun protection and melanoma prevention was distributed. 10987 people completed a questionnaire regarding risk factors, and 2746 people were examined by a derma...

The sun glint is a major issue for the observation of ocean color from space. For sensors without a tilting capacity, the observations at sub-tropical latitudes are contaminated by the bright pattern of the specular reflexion of the sun by the wavy sea surface. Common atmospheric correction algorithms are not designed to work in these observation conditions, reducing the spatial coverage at suc...

Author affiliations: Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.T.F. Lau); Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China (J.T.F. Lau); Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (J.T.F. Lau, Z. Wang, Y. Kim, Q. Zhou, P. Cheng); Sun Yat-sen ...