the remaining artworks from different periods and places in iran show the beliefs, customs, traditions and life in that times and places. using men’s motifs has been prevalent in the remained works of different civilizations and historical periods since the most ancient times. one of the most important and oldest civilizations of the iran plateau is elam. elam was an ancient civilization center...

Sumerian is a long-extinct language documented throughout the ancient Middle East, arguably the first language for which we have written evidence, and is a language isolate (i.e. no related languages have so far been identified). The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL), based at the University of Oxford, aims to make accessible on the web over 350 literary works composed durin...

Enki or Ea. is the name of the god of wisdom, medicine and sea in the Mesopotamia Sumer and Elam. He is the ruler of the freshwater ocean, “Abzu”. Enki is represented by the rivers Euphrates and Tigris flowing from his shoulders. He has a bowl in his hand from which water flows. He is associated with his symbolic animals such as fish, goats and turtles. Boats and canes with ram heads are his to...

Neutrophil adhesion to interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) involves the CD18 family of leukocyte integrins (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 [LFA-1], Mac-1, and p150,95) and LECAM-1 (DREG-56/LEU-8/LAM-1 antigen) on neutrophils and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) on the endotheliu...

Lemmatization for the Sumerian language, compared to the modern languages, is much more challenging due to that it is a long dead language, highly skilled language experts are extremely scarce and more and more Sumerian texts are coming out. This paper describes how our unsupervised Sumerian named-entity recognition (NER) system helps to improve the lemmatization of the Cuneiform Digital Librar...

Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) is a membrane protein exclusively expressed on endothelial cells, where it plays a key role in the inflammatory response by adhering to a subset of leukocytes. The expression of the ELAM-1 gene is very tightly regulated. ELAM-1 is undetectable in uninduced cells, and it is transiently expressed following cytokine induction. Treatment of resting...

This paper describes a system for processing economic documents written in the ancient Sumerian language. The system is application-oriented and takes advantage of the simplicity of ancient economy. We have developed an ontology for a selected branch of economic activities. We translate the documents into a meaning representation language by means of a semantic grammar. The meaning representati...

Two classes of adhesion molecules have well-defined roles in the attachment of unstimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to cytokine-treated endothelial cells. Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) on endothelial cells interacts with specific carbohydrate residues on the PMN, and the leukocyte integrins (CD18 antigens) on PMN interact with intracellular adhesion molecule 1 an...

Osamu Hotta, MD, Department of Nephrology, Sendai Shakaihoken Hospital, 3-16-1 Tsutsumimachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981 (Japan) Dear Sir, The endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM)-1 ‚ a member of the selectin family with a lectin-like N-terminal domain [1], binds granulocytes, monocytes and a subset of memory T cells [2-4]. ELAM-1 is expressed only on vascular endothelium, predomina...

Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. Financial support received from the National Eye Institute K23 Mentored Clinician Scientist Award (1K23EY019511, to J.D.S.) and a Research to Prevent Blindness “Physician Scientist” Award. Author Contributions: Conception and design: Elam, Blachley, Stein Data collection...