single-gene disorders occur when mutation in a gene causing alteration of gene function while in multifactorial disorders, mutations occur in multiple genes, and these are usually coupled with environmental causes. in addition, in a multifactorial disorder such as diabetes, the complication is under the influence of different genes. for example, in diabetic retinopathy many genes are involved i...

In the ventral spinal cord, generation of neuronal and glial cell subtypes is controlled by Sonic hedgehog (Shh). This morphogen contributes to cell diversity by regulating spatial and temporal sequences of gene expression during development. Here, we report that establishing Shh source cells is not sufficient to induce the high-threshold response required to specify sequential generation of ve...

mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of rare mostly autosomal recessive metabolic and genetic disorders. because of the high rate of consanguinity, they are not uncommon in our population. clinical diagnosis is not difficult for experienced physicians, but it is not enough for treatment and prevention measures in the future pregnancies. so, it is necessary to detect the type of mps by measurement ...

pretreatment of adults of iraq strain of afhstephenst with a sub-letlial dose of pcrmethrin resulted in a 65% enliancemenl of tolerance to this insecticide. similarly, pre-exposure of dub-lpr larvae to a sub-lethal dose of pcrmethrin resulted in increased tolerance to pcrmethrin. for the sensitive ind-s strain, the inductive effect was smaller. tiie results of bioassays of resistant and suscept...

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a devastating complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), characterized by marked inflammation and severe fibrosis of the peritoneum, and associated with high morbidity and mortality. EPS can occur years after termination of PD and, in severe cases, leads to intestinal obstruction and ileus requiring surgical intervention. Despite ongoing research, the ...

objective(s): enzyme immobilization via nanoparticles is perfectly compatible against the other chemical or biological approximate to improve enzyme functions and stability. in this study lactoperoxidase was immobilized onto silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles to improve enzyme properties in the presence of cadmium chloride as an inhibitor. materials and methods:  the process consists of the ...

laboratory diagnosis of acute measles is usually achieved by serology assays for measle-specific igm antibody. for comparison of measle-specific igm antibody in saliva and serum, 95 paired blood and saliva samples were collected 1-14 days after the onset of rash. the specimens were tested for specific igm antibody by an igm antibody-capture enzyme immunoassay (eia). measles igm antibody was det...

the aim of this study was to evaluate an enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of anti - helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) specific igg antibodies in specimens of oral fluid. all subjects over the age 18 years undergoing endoscopy for any reason were asked to participate in the study. two groups of 44 patients in each were selected as hp+ and hp-. at the same time, 5 milli...

examples of inter- and intramolecular direct co-functioning of lectins and enzymes are summarized. the data indicate importance of lectin-enzyme relationships in molecular and clinical microbiology and medical biotechnology. lectin-enzyme relationships have extended prospects in medicine and biotechnology.

in a survey carried out to establish the incidence of erythrocyte glucose­ 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency, 738 professional blood donors of tehran were examined. the fluorescent spot technique was used for screening and qualitative determination of g-6-pd in erythrocytes. this technique was compared with other methods of g-6-pd enzyme assay and proved to be very reliable. qualitative enzy...