due to some important applications of guanine electrode in scientific and technology research such as electro-chemical dna based biosensors, and a problem of high redox potential of guanine (0.81 v), our research study concentrates on reducing guanine redox potential by substituting cu, ag, au, ch3, c2h5 and cl on sites of 1, 2 and 9 of guanine. a 5.0% reduction of redox potential for 9-ag-guan...

In optimizing solid electrolytes, metal substitutions have played a pivotal role. To evaluate the impact of substitutions, numerous properties must be evaluated simultaneously to ensure improved performed in complete all-solid batteries.

This paper investigates an approach to substitution alternative to the implicit treatment of the λ-calculus and the explicit treatment of explicit substitution calculi. In this approach, substitutions are delayed (but not executed) explicitly. We implement this idea with two calculi, one where substitution is a primitive construction of the calculus, the other where substitutions is represented...

Up to equivalence, a substitution in propositional logic is an endomorphism of its free algebra. On the dual space, this results in a continuous function, and whenever the space carries a natural measure one may ask about the stochastic properties of the action. In classical logic there is a strong dichotomy: while over finitely many propositional variables everything is trivial, the study of t...

Background and Objective: One of the main reasons for the ongoing pandemic is the substitutions in the Receptor binding domain(RBD), which is involved in binding to the ACE2 receptor. Methods: Oro-nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 41 confirmed patients between September 2020 and May 2021 to analyze the mutations of SARS-CoV-2 RBD in Khuzestan Province. Bi-Directional sequencing was use...