Gas exchange between the plant and the environment is severely hampered when plants are submerged, leading to oxygen and energy deficits. A straightforward way to reduce these shortages of oxygen and carbohydrates would be continued photosynthesis under water, but this possibility has received only little attention. Here, we combine several techniques to investigate the consequences of anatomic...

geometry of the chute blocks in stilling basins plays a significant role in size and type of these structures. one of the most influencing factors in the design of the blocks is the fluctuating pressure which may cause fatigue on the blocks. despite investigations conducted by many researchers, there is not enough information about the pressure fluctuation around chute blocks in compacted still...

Lactate accumulation in osteoderms of the broad-nose caiman, Caiman latirostris, was determined following capture and surgery and after a period of forced submergence and related to concurrent values in blood. Control samples of bone and blood were taken after recovery from surgery and before submergence. In addition, samples of osteoderm were incubated in a lactate solution to determine equili...

in this study digital image correlation (dic) technique combined with a high speed video system was used to predict movement of particles in a water model. comparing with particle-image velocimetry (piv) technique, it provides a low cost alternative approach to visualize flow fields and was successfully employed to predict the movement of particles in a water model at different submergence dept...

in this research, in order to develop new relationships with reasonable accuracy for estimation of the ‎submerged hydraulic jump characteristics, a study has been conducted experimentally. experiments have ‎been done in a rectangular channel with a length of 9 m, a width of 0.5 m and a depth of 0.45 m. froude ‎numbers in these tests range from 3.5 to 11.5 and between submergence ratios of 0.1 t...

abstractinduced total pressure by flow, including mean and fluctuating components, around a selected chute block in saf stilling basins downstream of an ogee spillway was studied. several pressure holes were selected on various faces of a selected chute block to get enough information regarding the total pressure field. this paper reports the results of an experimental work and measurement of m...

Responses of bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens) saplings in photosynthesis and growth to long-term periodic submergence in situ in the hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir (TGDR) were studied. Water treatments of periodic deep submergence (DS) and moderate submergence (MS) in situ were imposed on 2-year-old bald cypress and pond cypress s...

Rainfed lowland rice ecosystem is affected not only by water deficit but also by excess water leading from partial to complete submergence. Although the rice plant is well adapted to aquatic environment, it is unable to survive if completely submerged in water for several weeks. Damage to rice plants due to excess water has been advocated to occur during submergence and also on entry of oxygen ...

About 70% of the rain-fed lowland rice farms in Nigeria are prone to seasonal flooding, which is a major constraint to rice production in some major rice producing areas. Each year that there is flooding, rice farmers in these parts of the country lose their entire crop. This research focuses on developing a submergence tolerant rice variety to overcome crop loss due to flooding. A study of the...

Recurring floods in Asia cause poor crop establishment. Yields decline drastically when plants are completely submerged for a few days. Traditional rice cultivars predominate because they have acquired moderate tolerance to flooding but they carry the penalty of inherently lower grain yields. In contrast, modern high-yielding varieties are highly susceptible to flooding. Cultivars with toleranc...