urban quality of life represents more than the private “living standards” and refers to all the elements of the conditions in which people live, that is, all their needs and requirements. in economic literature, urban quality of life is usually assessed through the standard revealed-preference approach, which defines a qol index as the monetary value of urban amenities. this paper proposes an i...

abstract: the subject of the life satisfaction is one of the important issues in development economics literature. in this paper, the main determinants of life satisfaction such as economic factors have been considered. for data analysis, the indices of life satisfaction have been collected among 400 people in tehran and neibouring provinces by applying stratified random sampling method. then, ...

recent debates concerning sustainable agriculture have received many attentions, but efforts concerning materialization of the concept haven’t enough. if the concept of sustainability is to be used as an underlying component of human interventions in the environment and ecosystem, a sound measure of sustainability is surely required. development of agricultural sector without considering the co...

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, assessment of disease activity is important in order to monitor and adjust therapy. In individual patients, disease evaluation is largely based on subjective symptoms. However, for disease evaluation in clinical trials, an objective and reproducible disease activity index is needed. At present, a number of activity indices are available for Crohn's d...

there are many indices for measuring property rights (pr) security. they may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. most of the proxies are subjective. one contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to pr protection. calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...

PURPOSE To examine the agreement of a novel computer program measuring retinal vessel tortuosity with subjective assessment of tortuosity in school-aged children. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 387 retinal vessels (193 arterioles, 194 veins) from 28 eyes of 14 children (aged 10 years). Retinal digital images were analyzed using the Computer Assisted Image Analysis of the Retina (CAIAR) prog...

The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health changes as a society develops. In developed countries, high SES is associated with better health, but in developing countries, high SES is associated with poorer health. However, measuring SES is difficult in countries like India, where the traditional class and caste system are interwoven and complex. The current study explored the...

Abstract Surveys regularly ask home-owners to guess what their property might be worth in the current housing market. We develop suitable statistical techniques construct hedonic and repeat-sales style house price indices from these owner-estimated values (OEVs). The resulting series are then linked a large set of quality-adjusted residential estimated transaction data allowing us perform varie...