in this trial, the effect of different levels of echum amoneum (ea) (0.3, 30, 300 or 3000 µl) on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production was assessed. the parameters studied were in vitro gas production (ivgp), methane production, ammonia (nh3-n) concentration, in vitro organic matter degradability (ivomde), partitioning factor (pf) (the ratio of substrate truly deg...

the effect of three levels (0, 28.65, 57.31mg /200mg substrate) of golpar (heracleum persicum: hp) on in vitro rumen ecosystem and on methane production was assessed. gas production (gp) was recorded from 1 to 54h past of incubation. the parameters studied were in vitro gas production (ivgp), methane production, ammonia-n concentration (nh3-n), in vitro organic matter degradability (ivomde), pa...

the list of ichneumonidae (hymenoptera: ichneumonoidea) of iran is updated. until now, 502 species belonging to 189 genera and 24 subfamilies are recorded. two subfamilies, cryptinae and ichneumoninae, are the most species-rich groups, while the subfamilies brachycyrtinae, collyriinae, cylloceriinae, hybrizontinae, mesochorinae, orthocentrinae and orthopelmatinae represented by only one species...

An old problem of Moser asks: what is the size of the largest union-free subfamily that one can guarantee in every family of m sets? A family of sets is called union-free if there are no three distinct sets in the family such that the union of two of the sets is equal to the third set. We show that every family of m sets contains a union-free subfamily of size at least √4m + 1 − 1 and that this...

A family F = (F(i) \iel) is a function from an index set / into the set of all non-empty subsets of a set. A subset G e F is called a subfamily of F and a function / f rom / into u (F(/) \iel} such that / ( t ) e F(i) is called a choice function. Let F be a function. Dmn F denotes the domain of F and rng F denotes the range of JF. If F is a function and J £ dmn F, then F \ J will denote the res...