pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (pci) is a rare condition charachterized by the presence of multiple gases filled cysts in the gastro intestinal tract. in this article we present three cases with different features, who at the end evaluation pci was diagnosed. the first patient present with rectorrhagia (submucosal pci). the second patient present with dyspepsia (subserosal intestinal pci) a...

background and objective: diagnosis of hirschsprung’s disease (hd) as the most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction is based on the presence of aganglionosis from seromuscular or full thickness biopsy. due to the complication of full thickness or seromuscular rectal biopsy, mucosal-sub mucosal biopsy is more intended. however, interpretation of these biopsies stained with hematoxylin...

Objective: Superficial Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma (S-BEA) has been treated by endoscopic procedures. Especially, intramucosal carcinomas have been treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic sub mucosal dissection (ESD). It is important to diagnose sub mucosal invasive lesions by endoscopy. However, it is difficult to diagnose with sub mucosal or mucosal BEA. Aim of thi...

Hysteroscopy is a method through which endometrial cavity can be observed and manipulated transcervically. The association of sub serous fibroids and intramural fibroids with infertility is controversial. But the role of sub mucous fibroids which are reported in 5%-18% of patients as a causal factor for infertility is likely. Sub mucous fibroids are postulated to cause menometrorrhagia, sub fer...

Background and Objective: Diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) as the most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction is based on the presence of aganglionosis from seromuscular or full thickness biopsy. Due to the complication of full thickness or seromuscular rectal biopsy, mucosal-sub mucosal...

BACKGROUND Mucosal specimens are essential to evaluate compartmentalized immune responses to HIV vaccine candidates and other mucosally targeted investigational products. We studied the acceptability and feasibility of repeated mucosal sampling in East African clinical trial participants at low risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Kenya AIDS Vaccine ...

The present study is aimed to investigate changes in caecal wall histology of quails, during prepubertal and pubertal periods. To this end, forty quails at the ages of 10, 20, 30 (prepuberty) and 40 (puberty) days were slaughtered (10 birds in each sampling time) and histological sections from proximal, middle and distal parts of caeca were prepared and stained with H&E. It was observed that in...

We are reporting a rare case of gastric tumor which on resection turns out to be Schwannoma. Digestive tract Schwannomas are rare mesenchymal tumors’ occurring most frequently in the stomach. Owing to their typical presentation as sub mucosal neoplasm’s with spindle cell histology, gastric schwannomas and GISTs appear grossly similar moreover there is no difference in clinical presentation but ...