abstract previous studies on willingness to communicate (wtc) have shown the influence of many individual or situational factors on students’ tendency to engage in classroom communication, in which wtc has been viewed either at the trait-level or situational level. however, due to the complexity of the notion of willingness to communicate, the present study suggests that these two strands are ...

Nowadays, psychological traits of managers are among the factors that influence the success of organizations and are a key element of human resource empowerment. The current research aimed to identify psychological traits of Top managers in Oil fields of West Azerbaijan province which has been studied by the combined method (quantitative - qualitative). In the qualitative section, postmodern pa...

The purpose of this research was to design a model for developing the competencies of top and middle managers of the National Iranian Petrochemical Company. This research carried out by using a mixed approach. Statistical population was top and middle managers of the National Iranian Petrochemical Company. In data collection stage, it was used a semi-structured interview method, study of high-l...

the purpose of this study was to examine the status of supervision on departments’ heads at ferdowsi university of mashhad (fum) and realize some applied themes to provide a fit model for supervising departments’ heads in fum. the method was case study under a research category aimed for applied one. using purposive sampling, interviews were conducted with top fum managers, head departments, an...

increasing academic and professional language demands around the world are not a deniable fact. the purpose of this study was to investigate english language needs and communication needs of the chemistry students at master and ph.d. levels at the iranian universities. in this research, different methods were used including un-structured interview, structured interview, and two sets of question...

Introduction: According to the increasing incidence of disasters in all countries and the emphasis on the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction, recognizing such risks is an important step in increasing preparedness. Evidence suggests that healthcare system is not ready to deal with disasters. Disaster risk perception is a new and contextual concept, and no research is yet conducted in t...