INTRODUCTION Prune dwarf ilarvirus (PDV) and its various strains cause many types of stone fruit diseases of considerable economic importance (Nemeth, 1986). The virus induces considerable damage in many hosts either by itself or in a mixed infection with other stone fruit viruses. PDV is transmitted naturally by infected pollen. PDV has worldwide distribution, especially where sweet and sour c...

The European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ (‘Ca. P. prunorum’), is a devastating, quarantine phytoplasma disease. This agent leads to serious damage in apricot and Japanese plum orchards, including decline of infected trees. The consequences are considerable economic losses in production. European plum and cherry are less susceptible to ESFY, although th...

a total of twenty seven bacterial strains were isolated from cankerous tissues of apricot, nectarine, peach, plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry trees in tehran province and identified as pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (pss), the causal agent of the bacterial canker disease, on the basis of lopat (levan production, oxidase test, potato rot, arginine dihydrolase and tobacco hypersensitive ...

Molecular techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can provide rapid and sensitive diagnosis of plum pox virus (PPV), the causal agent of the devastating 'sharka' disease of stone fruit trees. The present study compared routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures against a new system, PCR-ELISA (Boehringer Mannheim), which enables immunoenzymatic detection of PCR products....

Fleshy-fruit availability is rarely used as a predictor in stone marten ( Martes foina ) habitat models, despite its frugivorous carnivore diet. Data on stone marten occurrence, habitat structure and fl eshy-fruit species abundance was collected along 2 km long survey routes within 2 x 2 km sample plots (n = 30). Two different spatial scales were considered: 1) the entire survey route; and 2) 2...

abstract information on hyperparasitoid wasps of figitidae family in iran, in comparison to the numerous studies carried out in north america and europe is very rare. so we have studied to determine the diversity of parasitoid wasps of aphids on stone fruit trees during 2009-2010 in khorasan razavi province-iran. several species of hyperparasitoid wasps were collected which among them, alloxyst...

What is an olive? Well, botanically speaking, the fruit of the olive tree is a drupe, or stone fruit, and is cultivated on all continents (Figure 1), but the olive is much more than a fruit — it’s a symbol. Olives and the trees that bear them are mentioned in The Odyssey, the Quran, the Torah, and the Bible, just to name a few. Representing peace, abundance, and victory, this divine fruit has i...

Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) is the type member of the Trichovirus genus, the family Flexiviridae (Martelli et al., 1994; Adams et al., 2004) and is known to infect most pome and stone fruit tree species, including apple, peach, pear, plum, almond, cherry and apricot (Lister, 1970; Németh, 1986). ACLSV has a worldwide distribution and induces a large variety of symptoms in sensitive ...