Several nonlethal methods have been developed to determine the stomach contents of fish, including gastroscopes, tubes, stomach suction, stomach flushing, emetics, forceps, and chronic fistulas. By reviewing the literature on this subject, we found that the effectiveness (ability to remove all stomach contents) of the different methods depends on size, age, species of fish, and the size of the ...

BACKGROUND Nasogastric tubes are an important component of care in patients with gastrointestinal obstructions. However, they are prone to malfunction despite conventional flushing techniques, with potentially severe consequences. There is no widely accepted, gold-standard way to ensure that a nasogastric tube succeeds in maintaining an empty stomach following flushing. METHODS We have develo...

Abstract Phyllodytes tuberculosus is a bromeligenous anuran species whose geographic distribution restricted to areas of the Caatinga and transition zones between Atlantic Forest in central-south state Bahia. Its existence close relationship with bromeliads its occurrence dry highly seasonal environments drove us supposition that opportunistic/generalist regard diet. We collected items present ...

BACKGROUND Niacin is widely available over the counter (OTC). We sought to determine the safety of 500 mg immediate release niacin, when healthy individuals use them as directed. METHODS 51 female and 17 male healthy volunteers (mean age 27 years SD 4.4) participated in a randomized placebo-controlled blinded trial of a single dose of an OTC, immediate-release niacin 500 mg (n = 33), or a sin...

abstract since amphibians feeds on insects, they have crucial role in controlling the population of pests in various ecosystems. although their importance is clear, but systematics and biodiversity of them has been poorly studied. the aim of this research, conducted in 2014, is to identify amphibians of talesh township and their biological roles in pest control. sampling procedure has been done...

Abstract Animal personality is a relatively neglected field in amphibian research. In this study we assessed the influence of stomach flushing, non-lethal technique used dietary studies, on boldness behaviour cave salamander Speleomantes strinatii . The time emergence from shelter located an unfamiliar environment (a proxy for individual boldness) was measured 26 salamanders before and after wh...

A cuRE without recourse to surgery is the aim of all concerned with the treatment of duodenal ulcer. A new step in this direction was the introduction of gastric freezing by Wangensteen and his group in I962 (Wangensteen, Peter, Nicoloff, Walder, Sosin and Bernstein, i962b; Peter, Bernstein, Sosin, Madsen, Walder and Wangensteen, I962). This relatively simple and apparently innocuous procedure ...

BACKGROUND Determination of seabird diet usually relies on the analysis of stomach-content remains obtained through stomach flushing; this technique is both invasive and logistically difficult. We evaluate the usefulness of DNA-based faecal analysis in a dietary study on chick-rearing macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) at Heard Island. Conventional stomach-content data was also collected...