attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairments in occu pational, academic, neuropsychological, and social functioning. central nervous system (cns) stimulants are recommended as first-line medication therapy for children. cns stimulants include formulations of methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives and...

The vast majority of illicit stimulants act at monoaminergic systems, causing both psychostimulant and adverse effects. Stimulants can interact as substrates or antagonists the nerve terminal monoamine transporter that mediates reuptake monoamines across synaptic membrane vesicular (VMAT‐2) storage in vesicles. directly presynaptic postsynaptic receptors for have indirect monoamine‐mimetic acti...

OBJECTIVE To determine patterns and knowledge of nonmedical use of stimulants among a sample of college students. DESIGN Completion of an anonymous survey consisting of 23 questions designed to explore college student use of medications intended to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. SETTING A private liberal arts college in New England. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred forty-seven ...

A childhood history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in psychotic disorders, yet prescription stimulants may interact adversely with the physiology of these disorders. Specifically, exposure to stimulants leads to long-term increases in dopamine release. We therefore hypothesized that individuals with psychotic disorders previously exposed to prescription stimulants ...

Objectives: First, to assess the compliance and persistence with stimulants among adolescents with ADHD. Second, to examine the relationship between compliance and persistence with stimulants and the dosage form of the medication. Method: Adolescents with ADHD in the Georgia Medicaid program were followed retrospectively for 12 months in 1995 and their prescription claims data were examined to ...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate nonmedical use (NMU) of ADHD prescription stimulants (Ritalin(®), Adderall(®), Adderall(®) XR, Concerta(®), and Vyvanse(®)) in a U.S. adult general population sample. METHOD In all, 10,000 adults (aged 18-49) from an online, opt-in panel, proximity matched to U.S. Census demographics, were surveyed to assess NMU prevalence, routes of administration (ROA), reasons for NMU, a...

BACKGROUND Stimulants are used increasingly to enhance social (cocaine) or cognitive performance (stimulants normally prescribed, prescription stimulants [e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines]). Chronic use, by contrast, has been associated with significant verbal memory and learning deficits. This study sought to determine whether subtle learning and memory problems characterize individuals who...