background and objective: antibiotic resistance is increasing, especially in healthcare-associated infections causing significant public health concerns worldwide. national information is required to make appropriate policies, update list of essential drugs for treatment, and evaluate the effects of intervention strategies. a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in nosoco...

Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Because the etiologic agents of these infections are abundant in nature, their isolation from biopsy material or sterile body fluids is needed to document infection. This review evaluates and discusses different human body fluids used to diagnose fungal infections.

Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from a transtracheal aspirate was achieved by using simple in vitro culture methods. Clinical microbiologists should routinely culture for this organism from appropriate body fluids obtained from normally sterile areas.

The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging due to non-specific symptoms, invasive approach for specimen collection and most importantly, the paucibacillary status. The objective of this assay was to evaluate the efficacy of Myco/F lytic system, BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 system and Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium for recovery of bacilli from ster...

In the course of a survey of the effect of injection of extracts and suspensions of normal tissues upon body temperature in rabbits (1), it was found that the intravenous inoculation of suspensions of whole polymorphonuclear leukocytes, extracts from these cells, or supernatant fluids obtained from sterile peritoneal exudates containing granulocytes produced febrile responses in normal rabbits....

Pleuritic exudates from patients with lobar pneumonia may be sterile or infected. Sterile fluids, at or about the time of crisis, contain actively acquired antibodies similar to those in the blood serum. Infected fluids do not contain such antibodies, presumably because of the presence in them of large amounts of soluble specific substance. Sterile fluids from patients treated with immune sera ...