16 When increasing the rates of subcritical flow on gentle slopes, the bed successively produces 17 ripples, dunes and flat beds. Antidunes (defined here as all bed undulations for which the 18 surface gravity waves are in phase with the bed profile) appear only in high flow rates and 19 may be found in some extreme natural flow events. Inversely, on steep slopes flume 20 experiment (S≥1% appro...

We calculated topographic gradients over the surface of the Moon at a 25 m baseline using data obtained by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) instrument onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft. The relative spatial distribution of steep slopes can be reliably obtained, although some technical characteristics of the LOLA dataset preclude statistical studies of slope orien...

Configuration of locomotion for planetary rovers is motivated by increased interest in exploring lunar polar craters. Current rover designs cannot achieve the ascent or descent required by steep, unconsolidated lunar slopes. New designs must provide locomotive capability for steep climbing, techniques for controlling slip, and safely navigating down and along steep slopes. We propose a locomoti...

Steep slopes consisting of disturbed soil are very often found in construction, landfill, and surface mining situations. Although legislation and economics dictate that vegetative cover be established on these slopes as rapidly as possible, the occurrence of large rainfall events during critical periods of vegetation establishment can frequently cause extensive soil loss. Sediment generated fro...

The traditional mapping on digital aerial photos and elevation models has its limits at steep slopes where the surface is only very sparsely sampled even in high resolution data sets. As a consequence, there is too few information available to perform a detailed mapping. In this paper we present a framework for augmenting terrain data with additional photos and show how to utilize this addition...

Various single-rider open vehicles, such as lawnmowers, are susceptible to overturning on slopes that are too steep for them. Warnings have included separation from the vehicles and avoiding slopes that are too steep. A recommended maximum slope is commonly 15 degrees. However, many individuals cannot evaluate slopes just by sight. Some mower manufacturers have warned about too steep slopes and...

Sheet sediment transport was modelled by artificial neural networks (ANNs). A three-layer feed-forward artificial neural network structure was constructed and a back-propagation algorithm was used for the training of ANNs. Event-based, runoffdriven experimental sediment data were used for the training and testing of the ANNs. In training, data on slope and rainfall intensity were fed into the n...

this paper presents a simplified approach to estimate the resultant force, which should be provided by a retention system, for the equilibrium of unstable slopes. the results were obtained with a developed algorithm, based on limit equilibrium analyses, that assumes a two-part wedge failure mechanism. design charts to obtain equivalent earth pressure coefficients are presented. based on the res...