one of the conventional methods for temporary support of tunnels is to use steel sets with shotcrete. the nature of a temporary support system demands a quick installation of its structures. as a result, the spacing between steel sets is not a fixed amount and it can be considered as a random variable. hence, in the reliability analysis of these types of structures, the selection of an appropri...

One of the conventional methods for temporary support of tunnels is to use steel sets with shotcrete. The nature of a temporary support system demands a quick installation of its structures. As a result, the spacing between steel sets is not a fixed amount and it can be considered as a random variable. Hence, in the reliability analysis of these types of structures, the selection of an appropri...

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for recrystallization were performed using OIM (Orientation Image Microscopy) data sets to define the initial microstructures. Two types of OIM data sets were used as input to the simulations. One type was measured on a warm-rolled interstitial-free (IF) steel sheet. The results were strongly affected by the assumptions used to estimate the stored energy, which is t...

concrete filled steel tube columns (cfst) are a kind of composite columns according to advantages of cfst relative to reinforced concrete and steel columns. use of these materials is common in recent years especially in high building, unnecessary of molding, high ductility, proportionate resistance with low volume, economical, low deformation relative to steel columns are among advantages. in t...

This derivation of (2) is not valid, because this duality applies to inferences and theorems only, not to definitions. In fact, (1) should be treated as an axiom. Accordingly, the duality of Lemma 3.3.1 would not be valid until the dual (2) of (1) is proved independently, as we do below. Our new proof will make use of Proposition 3.3.3, the original proof of which is based on duality. So, we mu...

Answering a recent question posed by Gregori, Morillas and Sapena (“On a class of completable fuzzy metric spaces”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 161 (2010), 2193–2205) we present two examples of non strong fuzzy metrics (in the sense of George and Veeramani).

We provide an extension of the notion of chain-valued frame introduced by Pultr and Rodabaugh in [Category theoretic aspects of chain-valued frames: parts I and II, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 159 (2008) 501–528 and 529–558] by relaxing the assumption that L be a complete chain. As a result of this investigation we formulate the category L-Frm of L-frames under the weaker assumption that L is a comp...

In this state-of-the-art paper, important advances that have been made during the past five years for both general and interval type-2 fuzzy sets and systems are described. Interest in type-2 subjects is worldwide and touches on a broad range of applications and many interesting theoretical topics. The main focus of this paper is on the theoretical topics, with descriptions of what they are, wh...

We prove a theorem of Steel that solves the 12th Delfino Problem. We build on the one hand on a lemma of Woodin on universally Baire sets and their projections in certain generic extensions in the presence of strong cardinals; on the other hand we use certain premice to find projective uniformizations of projective sets.