In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty sample estimates of parameters. science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses an evidence-generating (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty: non-standard errors. To study them, we let 164 teams six on same sample. find sizeable, par wit...

There are several issues concerning computing standard errors for the pooled specification in equation (2). First, insofar as there is heterogeneity in the displaced worker earnings losses, then we expect there to be serial correlation in the standard errors at the individual level. This concern arises even in specification (1). We address this concern by clustering at the person level. Second,...

In a previous study (1998), how to evaluate whether adaptive testing data used for online calibration sufficiently fit the item response model used by C. Glas was studied. Three approaches were suggested, based on a Lagrange multiplier (LM) statistic, a Wald statistic, and a cumulative sum (CUMSUM) statistic respectively. For all these methods, the asymptotic variance of the parameter estimates...