Leaves are the primary interface where energy, water and carbon exchanges occur between the forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. Leaf area index (LAI) is a measure of the amount of leaf area in a stand, and the tree crown size characterizes how leaves are clumped in the canopy. Both LAI and tree crown size are of essential ecological and management value. There is a lot of interest in extracti...

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) infects the roots of avocado trees, resulting in reduced uptake of water and nutrients, canopy decline, defoliation, and, eventually, tree mortality. Typically, the severity of PRR disease (proportion of canopy decline) is assessed by visually comparing the canopy health of infected trees to a standardised set of photographs and a corresponding disease rating. Althou...

salinity and sodicity are the major factors of soil degradation in arid and semiarid areas. the main aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of liss_iii data for soil salinity and sodicity mapping in a selected part of the qazvin plain, an area of arid environment. during the study, spectral classes were carried out of the remotely sensed data and then with the help of field observatio...