The regulation of signaling pathways by feedback inhibitors has become an emerging theme in the control of pattern formation during development. Nodal and Lefty proteins belong to divergent subfamilies of the TGF-beta family. Nodal signals promote mesendoderm induction in vertebrates, and Lefty proteins antagonize it. In zebrafish, Squint functions as a long-range Nodal signal during mesoderm i...

Esotropia Figure 1 shows that the patient has esotropia of the left eye or what is commonly known as a squint or strabismus. The squint is an inward squint (synonyms include convergent squint or esodeviation of the eye). Esotropia is a condition where either one or both eyes are turned inward. Congenital esotropia, often seen in infants below six years old, may give rise to amblyopia. Accommoda...

The investigation and treatment of strabismus take up a high proportion 0 ophthalmologist's time. Its treatment is rewarding for the patients are often chi^ in whom the prevention of amblyopia, restoration of binocular vision and imp^ ment in appearance will be of great benefit for the remainder of their lives-j assessment of a diplopic patient is an interesting exercise and may contribute mu a...

This paper presents signal properties of spaceborne, strip-map SAR for very large squint angles. Doppler centroid, azimuth bandwidth, and exposure time are derived in terms of the platform attitude and elevation angle. This allows a description of the Doppler centroid variation with range and terrain height, and explains a possible range dependence of azimuth bandwidth at high squint. The yaw a...

The clinical features and management of 17 cases of detached extraocular muscles are described. They are classified into four groups: (1) the muscle which is cut and lost during squint surgery, (2) the muscle which breaks during squint surgery, (3) the muscle which slips following squint surgery, and (4) the muscle which is damaged during facial or orbital trauma. The prognosis for group 1 is p...

Squint may be the first sign of a serious ocular or systemic disorder, and yet it is also one of the most common ocular conditions of childhood. It follows that while most ocular deviations have no such sinister connotations, an understanding of the range of associations is essential to be prepared for this comparatively infrequent but important possibility. Screening for squint has been covere...