the main concern of this study was communication strategies (css) which are used to compensate for communication breakdown. the goals of this study were to examine whether proficiency level of iranian students had any relationship with their choice of css. this research was descriptive in nature. the participants were 15 pre-intermediate and 14 intermediate efl learners between 16 to 21years ol...

The Chi square test is a statistical test which measures the association between two categorical variables. A working knowledge of tests of this nature are important for the chiropractor and osteopath in order to be able to critically appraise the literature.

this article aims to provide a simple robust method to test the parameters of a normal population by using the new diagnostic tool called the “forward search” (fs) method. the most commonly used procedures to test the mean and variance of a normal distribution are student’s t test and chi-square test, respectively. these tests suffer from the presence of outliers. we introduce the fs version of...