Spur dikes are the most common hydraulic structures for river bank protection. Since the construction of this structure causes higher velocities around it, this structure is exposed to erosion. Riprap around the structure nose is one of the most common and economic way to protect spur dike. The main aim of this study is to investigate the riprap stability in a mild 90 degrees bend. Experiments ...

Fruit yield efficiency and some vegetative characteristics of commercial and spur type apple. cultivars was evaluated in Dr. Nakhjavani field station, Orumieh, Iran, in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. Apple cultivars included: Red Spur, Red Chief, Golden Spur, Yellow Spur, Fujii, Red Delicious, Cooper Spur, Red Cooper Spur, Jonathan, Golden Delicious, Oregon Spur, Jonagold. The experimental desi...

            Spur dikes are one of the common methods to protect rivers against erosion. Scouring around the spur dike is an important factor that can disorder the structural performance. Using protective spur dike is proper technique reduce the scour amount. In this research, the GMDH and GEP model used in order to evaluate and estimate the effect of various parameters of protective spur dike o...

In general, engineering designs need to optimize the factors affecting the under-study phenomenon; however, this is often a costly and time-consuming process. In this regard, new methods have been developed to optimize with fewer tests; thus, they can make the whole process more affordable. In this study, Taguchi and Taguchi-GRA methods were used to design the geometric parameters of the protec...

    Background & Aim: Inferior heel pain is a common complaint in patients referred to orthopedic clinics. Etiology of this pain is unknown, but one of the suggestible causes is heel spur. The present descriptive comparative cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of heel spur in patients with painful heels and compare it with general population in order to determine spu...

Scour around structures in the river is the most destructivr factor of these structures. Therefore, different methods have been studied to reduce it. A creation slot is one of these methods in the suitable position that can be modified to control the flow pattern scour. In this study, the effects of using two parallel chord rectangular slots  in the single spur dike  with the opening of the eff...

In this study, the performance of slot in the spur dike was evaluated as a way to reduce the scouring around the installed flat spur dike in a 180 degree bend and the development of scouring in the slotted spur dike was compared with that of the spur dike with no slot. To evaluate the effect of the slot on the development of scouring around it, a flat spur dike made of Plax Glass was installed ...