introduction: fungi are biological threatening which exist in all the environments. libraries and archive centers are a suitable environment for the growth of fungi. the aim of this study was to identify fungal life-threatening factors for librarians and users in libraries of isfahan university of medical sciences, iran in 2011. methods: this was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical stu...

results the main isolated fungal spores from the atmosphere of tabriz district were penicillium sp. (36.6%), cladosporidium sp. (26.8%) and aspergillus sp. (23.6%). conclusions the presence of fungal spores in the atmosphere as a part of air pollution can cause significant problems for human health, particularly in the respiratory tracts. background air contamination with fungal spores and the ...

Pasteuria penetrans is a bacterial parasite of some plant parasite of nematodes whichcan attach to the cuticle of nematode. Differences in attachment of P. penetrans spores to the second stag juvenile (J2) cuticle may provide evidence for nematode cuticle diversity even between different ages of J2s. For investigating this purpose, we studied the effect of different ages of th...

Pasteuria penetrans is a bacterial parasite of some plant parasite of nematodes whichcan attach to the cuticle of nematode. Differences in attachment of P. penetrans spores to the second stag juvenile (J2) cuticle may provide evidence for nematode cuticle diversity even between different ages of J2s. For investigating this purpose, we studied the effect of different ages of th...

Bacillus subtilis spores prepared in rich medium germinated faster with nutrient germinants than poor-medium spores as populations in liquid and multiple individual spores on a microscope slide. Poor-medium spores had longer average lag times between mixing of spores with nutrient germinants and initiation of Ca-dipicolinic acid (CaDPA) release. Rich-medium spores made at 37°C germinated slight...

Lamerin microspridia (Lbms) isolated from Lamerin breed of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, L. and the standard strain Nosema bombycis, were induced to germinate artificially by two-step procedure. Fresh percoll purified spores were activated by incubating them in potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) (pH 11.00) and germinated artificially by using phosphate buffer saline (PBS), (pH 7.00). Germinated sp...

UNLABELLED This work analyzes the high-pressure (HP) germination of spores of the food-borne pathogen Clostridium perfringens (with inner membrane [IM] germinant receptors [GRs]) and the opportunistic pathogen Clostridium difficile (with no IM GRs), which has growing implications as an emerging food safety threat. In contrast to those of spores of Bacillus species, mechanisms of HP germination ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the inactivation mechanism of Bacillus subtilis spores by high pressure CO2 (HPCD) processing. The spores of B. subtilis were subjected to heat at 0.1 MPa or HPCD at 6.5-20 MPa, and 64-86°C for 0-120 min. The germination, the permeability of inner membrane (IM) and cortex, the release of pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid (DPA), and changes in the mor...

Superdormant spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium were isolated in 4 to 12% yields following germination with high nutrient levels that activated one or two germinant receptors. These superdormant spores did not germinate with the initial nutrients or those that stimulated other germinant receptors, and the superdormant spores' defect was not genetic. The superdormant spores did,...