Since Keccak was selected as SHA-3 hash function by NIST, it has attracted considerable attention from cryptographic researchers. Keccak sponge function [1] has also been used to design message authentication codes (MAC) and authenticated encryption (AE) scheme Keyak. Till now, the most efficient key recovery attacks on Keccak-MAC and Keyak are cube attacks and cube-attack-like cryptanalysis pr...

an airlift-type activated sludge reactor using a sponge support medium was fed with wastewater containing 500 mg-n/l of nh4 +-n. in order to establish partial nitrification, the reactor was kept at 35°c. moreover, the reactor was started up with the nahco3 solution as an alkali agent to supply inorganic carbon for enhancement of partial nitrification. the partial nitrification was established d...

In this paper we mount the cube attack on the Keccak sponge function. The cube attack, formally introduced in 2008, is an algebraic technique applicable to cryptographic primitives whose output can be described as a low-degree polynomial in the input. Our results show that 5and 6-round Keccak sponge function is vulnerable to this technique. All the presented attacks have practical complexities ...

A novel fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) was designed by integration of anaerobic granular activated carbon and aerobic sponge reactors. This FBBR was evaluated at different sponge volume fractions for treating a synthetic wastewater. Polyester urethane sponge with cube size of 1 × 1 × 1 cm and density of 28-30 kg/m(3) with 90 cells per 25 mm was used as biomass carrier. The results indicate tha...

The effects of polyurethane sponge size and type on the performance of an up-flow sponge bioreactor were studied using different sponge cube sizes (1 x 1 x 1 cm, 2 x 2 x 2 cm and 3 x 3 x 3 cm) and types of sponge (S28-30/45R, S28-30/60R, S28-30/80R and S28-30/90R). The reactors were operated under anaerobic conditions in an early stage and an aerobic condition in a latter stage. The results ind...

In this paper, we comprehensively study the resistance of keyed variants of SHA-3 (Keccak) against algebraic attacks. This analysis covers a wide range of key recovery, MAC forgery and other types of attacks, breaking up to 9 rounds (out of the full 24) of the Keccak internal permutation much faster than exhaustive search. Moreover, some of our attacks on the 6-round Keccak are completely pract...

Surface EMG activities in the masseter muscle were recorded from 8 healthy men with normal permanent dentition during habitual chewing of a small cube of synthetic cellulose sponge which had absorbed distilled water. Three parameters of chewing rhythm, viz., cycle time, duration, and interval, were shown as the respective averages of 40 measurements of the EMG traces of a masticatory series of ...

the down-flow hanging sponge (dhs) reactor, which was developed for post-treatment of effluent from up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) process treating sewage, uses polyurethane sponge as media to retain biomass. wastewater is trickled from the top of the reactor and purified by microorganisms retained both inside and outside of the sponge media as the wastewater flows vertically down thr...

the down-flow hanging sponge (dhs) reactor, which was developed for post-treatment of effluent from up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) process treating sewage, uses polyurethane sponge as media to retain biomass. wastewater is trickled from the top of the reactor and purified by microorganisms retained both inside and outside of the sponge media as the wastewater flows vertically down thro...