small scale thermal devices, such as micro heater, have led researchers to consider more accurate models of heat in thermal systems. moreover, biological applications of heat transfer such as simulation of temperature field in laser surgery is another pathway which urges us to re-examine thermal systems with modern ones. non-fourier heat transfer overcomes some shortcomings of fourier heat tran...

In recent years, the Indian Ocean (IO) has been discovered to have a much larger impact on climate variability than previously thought. This paper reviews processes in which the IO is, or appears to be, actively involved. We begin the mathematical model with a pattern for summer monsoon winds. Three dimensional temperature and velocity fields are calculated analytically for the ocean forced by ...

A linear model based on the spherical coordinate system is employed for tting a spherical surface to a data set obtained by a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). In practice, measurement data may have unequal accuracy on the diierent coordinate axes, thus a liner model with heteroscedastic variance of random errors is considered. A feasible weighted least squares estimate is proposed and its su...

Spherical coordinates are a natural orthogonal system to describe wavefronts emanating from a point source. While a regular grid distribution in the Cartesian coordinate system tends to undersample the wavefront description near the source (the highest wavefront curvature) and oversample it away from the source, spherical coordinates, in general, provide a more balanced grid distribution to cha...

spherical Bessel-function of the first kind and order n complex wave number (po~/2q) ~ wave number in a Hookean material non-negative integer spherical polar coordinate radius of plates of orthogonal rheometer radius of inner hemisphere of balance rheometer radius of outer hemisphere of balance rheometer time physical components of displacement physical components of velocity cartesian coordina...

The development of a sound theory that predicts and veriies existing evolutionary algorithms is one of the most important research issues in the eld today. In mathematical proofs, the assumption of spherical symmetry is probably one of the most widely-used simpliications. This paper discusses to which extend spherical symmetry is appropriate for certain evolutionary algorithms. It turns out tha...

Volumetric ray-casting is a widely used algorithm in volume visualization, but implementing this algorithm to render atmospheric volume data that cover a large area on virtual globes constitutes a challenging problem. Because atmospheric data are usually georeferenced to a spherical coordinate system described by longitude, latitude and altitude, adaptations to the conventional volumetric rayca...