objective: bulk-fill composites are a group of composite resins designed for easy and fast filling of large cavities. this study aimed to assess the color stability of bulk-fill composites subjected to xenon radiation and evaluate their color change (&deltae;) following polymerization. methods: in this in vitro experimental study, 30 specimens (4mm in height and 8mm in diameter) were fabricated...

The errors in determining the biologically effective and broadband UV irradiances from spectroradiometer measurements depend critically on procedures employed in the calibration process. A series of intercomparisons of two calibration standards and a spectroradiometer were undertaken in two laboratories. The near UV (320-400 nm) and shorter wavelength (280-320 nm) waveband irradiances of one st...

A new actinic flux 4π-spectroradiometer: Instrument design and application to clear sky and broken cloud conditions E. Eckstein, D. Perner, Ch. Brühl, and T. Trautmann Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany Institut für Meteorologie, Universität Leipzig, Germany Received: 23 August 2002 – Accepted: 25 October 2002 – Published: 11 November 2002 Correspondence to: E. Eckstein (eckstein@mp...

This paper uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over Guangdong, the most developed province in China, during 2010-2012. Linear regression and self-organizing maps (SOM) are used to investigate the relationship between AOT and its affecting factors, including Normalized Difference Veg...