Fluorescence and phosphorescence are photon emission processes that occur during molecular relaxation from electronic excited states. These photonic processes involve transitions between electronic and vibrational states of polyatomic fluorescent molecules (fluorophores). The Jablonski diagram (Figure 1) offers a convenient representation of the excited state structure and the relevant transiti...

In this study, zero-, first-, secondand third-order derivative spectrophotometry methods were developed for the determination of metoprolol in pharmaceutical preparations. In zero order spectrophotometry, absorbance values were measured at 276 nm in zero order spectra of solution of metoprolol in methanol in the range of 240-310 nm. In first derivative spectrophotometry, absorbance values were ...

BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is a world-wide used herbicide and also a type of common poison for suicide and accidental poisoning. Numerous studies have proved that the concentration of serum PQ plays an important role in prognosis. Spectrophotometry, including common spectrophotometry and second-derivative spectrophotometry, is commonly used for PQ detection in primary hospitals. So far, lack of s...