wild grasses are the most important primary feedstuffs which are susceptible to contamination with toxigenic fungi belonging to aspergillus spp. in order to explore diversity of aspergillus species associated with the inflorescences of gramineous weeds, infected inflorescences were collected from wild grasses in western parts of iran. fifty-six aspergillus isolates were obtained from all diseas...

a specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was applied for identification of bovine (bos taurus), ovine (ovis aries) and caprine (capra hircus) pure and binary mixtures of raw and heat-processed meats. these meats are used in food industry products and/or for direct consumption of consumers. the mitochondrial dna was amplified as a template in a pcr reaction by use of specific primers re...

fusarium head blight (fhb) or wheat scab is one of the destructive diseases that cause considerable loss in grain quality in cereal cultivated around the worldwide due to the production of trichotecen mycotoxin in the panicle. type b trichothecenes including nivalenol (niv), deoxynivalenol (don), 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-acdon) and 15-deoxynivalenol (15-acdon) are considered to be major toxin...

barley belongs to the poaceae which is the largest monocotyledon family. plastid single-copy gene acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) is the first step in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and therefore, it is used to study the phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary and systematic of grasses. in this study, for the first time, phylogenetic relationship of eight species of hordeum genus from iran in...

Background: Meat species adulteration has become a problem of concern. This study aimed to compare two previously published multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods for meat species authentication.  Methods: The primers used in the first multiplex PCR involved species-specific reverse primer for sheep, goat, cattle, pig, and donkey with universal forward primer. In the second multiple...

Mutual relationship between endophytic fungi and some gramineuos plants is one of the recently known host-microbe interactions. Endophytic fungi are classified in class Ascomycetes, order Hypocreales, tribe Balansieae and mostly genus Neotyphodium. They are transferred into the progeny via maternal stock and have many benificial effects to their host plants, such as resistance to pests and dise...